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Socio-technical congruence is an intuitive way to compare required coordination effort within a software development project with the actual ongoing coordination. The current model of congruence is limited because it builds on top of some simplifying assumptions. These assumptions, such as placing equal importance of coordination needs, often fail to reflect the actual nature of a project. We propose a model that derives actual coordination needs from fine grained task interdependencies and task assignments. This enables us to compare those needs with the real ongoing coordination other than just dichotomized measurements.
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A Weighted Congruence Measure
A Weighted Congruence Measure
2
Irwin Kwan Adrian Schröter Daniela Damian
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3
1.Calculate Coordinat ion Requirements
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1.Calculate Coordinat ion Requirements
2.Gather Actual Coordination
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1.Calculate Coordinat ion Requirements
2.Gather Actual Coordination3.Calculate congruence index
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Limitations of the existing socio-technical congruence calcuation
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000011100010001100001110000011000111000011100000011000100001100011000011000001100000100011000000100000111000000111000100011000011100000110001110000111000000110001000011000110000110000011000001000110000001000001110000001110001000110000111000001100011100001110001000110001000011000110000110000011000001000110000001000001110000001110001000110000111000001100011100001110000001100010000110001100001100000110000010001100000010000011100000011100010001100001110000011000111000011100000011000100001100011000011000001100000100011000000100000111000000111000100011000011100000110001110000111000000110001000011000110000110010001100000100011000020010000011100000011100010001100001110000011000111000011100000011000100001100011000011000001100000100011000000100000111000000111000100011000011100000110001110000111000000110001000011000
11000011000001100000100011000000100000111000
Every edge is dichotomized.
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There’s no way to identify which gaps are important.
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Weighted Congruence
1 00 0.50.80.1
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Zidane
Yvette
Xavier 7
Code CDesign A
Code B
Zidane
Yvette
Xavier 7
Code CDesign A
Code B
Zidane
Yvette
Xavier 7
Weighted task assignments
Code CDesign A
Code B
Zidane
Yvette
Xavier 7
Weighted task assignments
Example: proportion of allocated hours
Code CDesign A
Code B
Zidane
Yvette
Xavier 7
Weighted task assignments
Example: proportion of allocated hours
1
1
Code CDesign A
Code B
Zidane
Yvette
Xavier 7
Weighted task assignments
Example: proportion of allocated hours
0.8
Code CDesign A
Code B
Zidane
Yvette
Xavier
0.75
0.25
7
Weighted task assignments
Example: proportion of allocated hours
0.8
Code CDesign A
Code B
Zidane
Yvette
Xavier
0.75
0.25
7
0.8
0.75
Code CDesign A
Code B0.25
Zidane
Xavier 8
Yvette
Weighted task dependencies
0.8
0.75
Code CDesign A
Code B0.25
Zidane
Xavier 8
Yvette
Example: proportion of features to be
implemented in code
Weighted task dependencies
0.8
0.75
Code CDesign A
Code B0.25
Zidane
Xavier 8
Yvette
Example: proportion of features to be
implemented in code
Weighted task dependencies
0.8
0.75
Code CDesign A
0.6
Code B
0.4
0.25
Zidane
Xavier 8
Yvette
Computing the Lack-of-Coordination Matrix
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Computing the Lack-of-Coordination Matrix
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Coordination Requirements
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Coordination Requirements =Task Assignment × Task Dependency× (Task Assignment)t
Coordination Requirements
10
Coordination Requirements
Xavier Yvette Zidane
X
Y
Z
- 0.08 0.00
0.08 - 0.36
0.00 0.36 -
10
× ×
A B C
X
Y
Z
0 0.25 0
0.80 0 0
0 0 0.75
TAA B C
A
B
C
1 0.08 0.00
0.08 1 0.36
0.00 0.36 1
TDX Y Z
A
B
C
0 0.80 0
0.25 0 0
0 0 0.75
TAt
Coordination Requirements
Zidane
Xavier
Yvette
0.36
0.08
0.00
11
0.36
0.080.00
Gather Actual Matrix
Zidane
Xavier
Yvette
12
Gather Actual Matrix0.02 Ex: 2% of Zidane’s
instant messages are sent by Yvette
Zidane
Xavier
Yvette
12
Gather Actual Matrix
0.10
0.02
0.50
Ex: 2% of Zidane’s instant messages are
sent by YvetteZidane
Xavier
Yvette0.00
0.12
0.05
12
Subtract Actual Matrix from Coordination Requirements Matrix
0.10
0.02
0.50
Zidane
Xavier
Yvette0.00
0.12
0.05
13
Subtract Actual Matrix from Coordination Requirements Matrix
0.36 -
0.08 -
0.100.00 -
0.02
0.50
Zidane
Xavier
Yvette0.000.00 -
0.36 - 0.12
0.08 - 0.05
13
Subtract Actual Matrix from Coordination Requirements Matrix
0.36 -
0.08 -
0.100.00 -
0.02
0.50
Zidane
Xavier
Yvette0.000.00 -
0.36 - 0.12
0.08 - 0.05
0.34
0.24
0.03
-0.42
0.00
-0.10
13
=
=
=
=
=
=
Zidane
Xavier
Yvette
14
0.36 -
0.08 -
0.100.00 -
0.02
0.50
0.000.00 -
0.36 - 0.12
0.08 - 0.05
0.34
0.24
0.03
-0.42
0.00
-0.10
=
=
=
=
=
=
Subtract Actual Matrix from Coordination Requirements Matrix
Zidane
Xavier
Yvette
14
0.34
0.24
0.03
-0.42
0.00
-0.10
Subtract Actual Matrix from Coordination Requirements Matrix
Zidane
Xavier
Yvette
Set Values Less than 0 to 00.34
0.24
0.03
-0.42
0.00
-0.10
15
Zidane
Xavier
Yvette
Set Values Less than 0 to 00.34
0.24
0.03
-0.42
0.00
-0.10
15
Zidane
Xavier
Yvette
Set Values Less than 0 to 00.34
0.24
0.03
15
0
0
0
Zidane
Xavier
Yvette
Lack-of-Coordination0.34
0.24
0.030
0
0
16
Zidane
Xavier
Yvette
Lack-of-Coordination
Gaps
0.34
0.24
0.030
0
0
16
Computing the Congruence Index
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Computing the Congruence Index
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Overall Congruence
18
Overall Congruence
18
Zidane
Xavier
Yvette
0.36
0.08
0.00 0.36
0.08
0.00
1. Sum edge values in Coordination Requirements
Overall Congruence
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Zidane
Xavier
Yvette
0.36
0.08
0.00 0.36
0.08
0.00
1. Sum edge values in Coordination Requirements
0.88
Overall Congruence
19
Overall Congruence
19
2. Sum edge values in Lack-of-Coordination
MatrixZidane
Xavier
Yvette
0.34
0.24
0.030
0
0
Overall Congruence
19
2. Sum edge values in Lack-of-Coordination
Matrix
0.61
Zidane
Xavier
Yvette
0.34
0.24
0.030
0
0
Overall Congruence
20
Overall Congruence
20
3. Divide Lack-of-Coordination over
Coordination Requirements
Overall Congruence
20
3. Divide Lack-of-Coordination over
Coordination Requirements
0.61
Overall Congruence
20
3. Divide Lack-of-Coordination over
Coordination Requirements
0.61
0.88
= 0.69
Overall Congruence
21
Overall Congruence
21
4. Subtract result from 1
0.69
Overall Congruence
21
4. Subtract result from 1
0.691 - 0.31=
22
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Benefits
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Locality
Zidane
Xavier
Yvette
0.34
0.24
0.030.0
0.0
0.0
23
Locality
Zidane
Xavier
Yvette
0.34
0.24
0.030.0
0.0
0.0
We know there’s a gap
here!
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Priority
Zidane
Xavier
Yvette
0.34
0.24
0.030.0
0.0
0.0
24
Priority
Zidane
Xavier
Yvette
0.34
0.24
0.030.0
0.0
0.0
Big Gap
Big Gap
24
Priority
Zidane
Xavier
Yvette
0.34
0.24
0.030.0
0.0
0.0
Big Gap
Big Gap
Not a Big Gap
