Growth of Slavery, 1780-1865

Cotton Kingdom

U.S. Slave Population

1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860

698,000

894,000

1,191,000

1,538,000

2,009,000

2,487,000

3,204,000 3,954,000

Proportion of Slaves

1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860

8% 11% 14% 13% 14% 13% 12% 11%

92%89%

86% 87% 86% 87% 88% 89%

% Free % Enslaved

Where Did Slaves Live?

Plantations of1 - 9 Slaves25%

Plantations of10 - 49 Slaves50%

Plantations of50+ Slaves25%

Who Owned Slaves?

Slave Owners

36%

Non-Slave

Owners64%

Percentage of Southern Slave Owners, 1830

Slave Owners

26%

Non-Slave Owners

74%

Percentage of Southern Slave Owners, 1850

Profile of Slave Owners

OWN75% of slaves

25% of slaves

Owners 1 - 49 Slaves

Owners 50+ Slaves

97% of Slaveholders

Distribution of Slave Labor

Missouri Compromise

Growth of Slave Population

Domestic Slave Trade

Slave Auction

Slave Coffle

Domestic Slave Trade Routes

Resistance: Revolt

Resistance: Running Away

Resistance: Organized Protest

Compromise of 1850

Dred Scott Decision