A Standard forAugmented RealityLearning Experience Models(AR-LEM)

Fridolin Wild1), Christine Perey2), Paul Lefrere3)

1) The Open University, UK 2) Perey Research and Consulting, CH3) CCA, UK

The traditional route to knowledge.

Photo: Simon Q (flickr)

2The Codrington Library, All Souls College, Oxford University

MATERIALS (e.g. yarn 76/2 710)

MACHINES

Machine parts Materials

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

SET UP PARAMETERS

Its practical application.

Experience.

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Mend the dissociative gap.

Photo: Marco Leo (flickr) 5

Embedding knowledge into experience

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Creating Interoperability for AR learning experiences

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The Cost of Integration

Studies show: – 30% of the time in software development

projects is spent on interface design and –implementation (Schwinn & Winter, 2005)

– 35% to 60% of the IT budget are spent on development and maintenance of interfaces (Ruh et al., 2001)

Rising heterogeneity and integration demand (Klesse et al., 2005)

Status Quo in Learning Technology

Plethora of (standard) software:C4LPT lists over 2,000 tools

Existing learning object / activity standards lack reality support

Multi-device orchestration (think wearables!)

=> enterprises and institutions face interoperability problems

Interoperability

is a property that emerges, when distinctive information systems

(subsystems)cooperatively exchange data

in such a way that they facilitate the successful accomplishment of an overarching task.

Wild & Sobernig (2005)

Dissociating Interoperability

(modified from Kosanke, 2005)

ARLEM conceptual model

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World Knowledge

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Activity Knowledge

http://bit.ly/arlem-input

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The Activity Model

“find the spray gun nozzle size

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Messaging in the real-time presence

channel and tracking to xAPI

onEnter/onExit chaining of actions and

other activations/deact

ivations

Styling (cascading) of viewports and UI elements

Constraint modeling:specify validation

conditions and model workflow branchinge.g. smart player;e.g. search widget

http://bit.ly/arlem-input

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The Workplace Model

The ‘tangibles’:Specific persons,

places, things

The ‘configurables’:devices (styling),

apps+widgets

The ‘triggers’:Markers trigger

Overlays; Overlays trigger human action

Overlay ‘Primitives’:enable re-use of e.g. graphical overlays

http://bit.ly/arlem-input

Action steps

<action id=‘start’ viewport=‘actions’ type=‘actions’></action>

Instructions for action

<instruction><![CDATA[ <h1>Assembly of a simple cabinet</h1> <p>Point to the cabinet to start…</p>]]></instruction>

Defining flow: Entry, Exit, Trigger

<enter removeSelf="false"></enter><exit> <activate type="actions" viewport="actions" id="step2"/> <deactivate type="actions" viewport="actions" id="start"/></exit><triggers> <trigger type="click" viewport="actions" id="start"/></triggers>

Nothing (for now)

On exit: launch step2

On exit: remove dialogue box ‘start’

This action step shall be exited by ‘clicking’ on the

dialogue box

Sample script<activity id="assembly" name="Assembly of cabinet" language="english" workplace="http://crunch.kmi.open.ac.uk/people/~jmartin/data/workplace-AIDIMA.xml" start="start">

<action id=‘start’ viewport=‘actions’ type=‘actions’> <enter removeSelf="false"> </enter> <exit> <activate type="actions" viewport="actions" id="step2"/> <deactivate type="actions" viewport="actions" id="start"/> </exit> <triggers> <trigger type="click" viewport="actions" id="start"/> </triggers> <instruction><![CDATA[<h1>Assembly of a simple cabinet</h1><p>Point to the cabinet to start ... </p>]]></instruction></action>

<action id="step2" viewport="actions” type=“actions”> <enter></enter> <exit removeSelf="true”></exit> <triggers> <trigger type="click" viewport="actions" id="step1"/> </triggers> <instruction><![CDATA[<h1>step2</h1><p>do this and that.</p>]]></instruction></action>

</activity>

Working with ‘tangibles’

Utilise computer vision engine to detect things/places/people (=tangibles)

Define tangibles in the workplace model

Then activate (or deactivate) what shall be visible and relevant in each action step

In the workplace model

We open the workplace model and define a new thing (under resources/tangibles/things):

<thing id="board1" name="Cabinet" urn="/tellme/object/cabinet1" detectable="001"> <pois> <poi id="leftside" x-offset="-0.5" y-offset="0" z-offset="0.1"/> <poi id="default" x-offset="0" y-offset="0" z-offset="0"/> </pois></thing>

The id is what we will reference

The detectable specifies, which

marker (or sensor state) will be bound to the thing Poi = point of interest:

specify locations relative to centre of marker (x=y=z=0: centre)

Triggers and tangibles

If you add a tangible trigger (for ‘stareGaze navigation’), an target icon will be overlaid, rotating in yellow, turning green when the stare duration (3 secs) has been reached

<trigger type="detect" id="board1" duration=”3"/>

Markers and pre-trained markers

Marker must be defined in the workplace model Possible to provide pretrained markers (and their PDF file

to print): named, e.g., 001 to 050 Markers shall be specified via their id in the computer

vision engine (under resources/triggers/detectables): <detectable id="001" sensor="engine" type="marker"/>

<detectable id=”myid" sensor="engine" type=”image_target” url=“myurl.org/marker.zip” />

Activates and deactivates

Now we have defined a thing called ‘board1’ and we have tied it to the marker 001

We can start referring to it now from the activity script: we can, e.g., activate pictogram overlays for the verbs of handling and motion

<activate tangible="board1" predicate="point" poi="leftside" option="down” />

<activity id="assembly" name="Assembly of cabinet" language="english" workplace="http://crunch.kmi.open.ac.uk/people/~jmartin/data/workplace-AIDIMA.xml" start="start">

<action id=‘start’ viewport=‘actions’ type=‘actions’> <enter removeSelf="false”> <activate tangible="board1" predicate="point" poi="leftside" option="down"/> <activate tangible="board1" predicate="addlabel" poi="default" option="touchme"/> </enter> <exit> <deactivate tangible="board1" predicate="point" poi="leftside"/> <deactivate tangible="board1" predicate="addlabel" poi="default"/> <activate type="actions" viewport="actions" id="step2"/> <deactivate type="actions" viewport="actions" id="start"/> </exit> <triggers> <trigger type="click" viewport="actions" id="start"/> </triggers> <instruction><![CDATA[<h1>Assembly of a simple cabinet</h1><p>Point to the cabinet to start ... </p>]]></instruction></action>

<action id="step2" viewport="actions” type=“actions”> <enter></enter> <exit removeSelf="true”></exit> <triggers> <trigger type="click" viewport="actions" id="step1"/> </triggers> <instruction><![CDATA[<h1>step2</h1><p>do this and that.</p>]]></instruction></action>

</activity>

Display an arrow pointing

downwards on the point of

interest ‘leftside’

Display a label ‘touchme’ at the

centre of the marker Remove both

visual overlays when this action

step is exited

Non-normed overlays<activate tangible=”board1" predicate="add3dmodel" poi="leftside" option=”augmentation"/>

<augmentations> <augmentation id="cube" scale="1" y_angle="180.0" url="http://myurl.org/cube.unity3d" /></augmentations>

<activate tangible=”board1” predicate=”addvideo” option=“http://myurl.org/myvideo.mp4"/>

<activate tangible=”board1" predicate=”addimage” option=“http://myurl.org/myvideo.png"/>

Normed overlays – verb primitives

All verbs need the ‘id’ of the tangible, some of them have ‘POIs’ that they need as input, few have ‘options’ 'point': poi + options = up, upperleft, left, lowerleft,

down, lowerright, right, upperright 'assemble’, ‘disassemble’ ‘close’ ‘cut’: poi 'drill': poi 'inspect': poi 'lift': 'lower’: 'lubricate': 'measure': poi

'open’ ‘pack’ ‘paint’ ‘plug’ 'rotate-cw’, 'rotate-ccw': poi 'screw': poi 'unfasten': poi 'unpack 'unplug’: 'unscrew': poi 'forbid': 'allow': 'pick': 'place':

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Viitaniemi et al. (2014): Deliverable d4.2,

TELLME consortium

Warning signs

Add an enter activation:

<activate tangible=”board1" poi=“leftside” warning="p030"/>

…

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Demo video:https://vimeo.com/138182933

Next virtual meeting

See http://arlem.kmi.open.ac.uk

October 12, 20158:00 PDT / 11 EDT / 16:00 BST / 17:00 CEST / 24:00 KT

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The END