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Chapter 1-5 Notes
Basic Information – Social Studies
Geography
Physical and cultural features of the earth.
5 Themes of Geography – use to describe places and people
Location – position of place (absolute and relative)Place – characteristics that make place uniqueHuman-Environment Interaction – how people affect environmentMovement – why move from place to placeRegions – common characteristics (land, resources, population)
Time Terms
DecadeCenturyMillennium
Types of Inhabited Areas
Rural – Country Open land
Urban Cities
Urbanization? Movement of
people from country to cities
Why do people move to cities?
Culture
Learned system of shared beliefs and way of doing thingsGuides persons daily behaviorExamples religious practices and beliefs What are some other examples of
culture?
Population
Population Number of inhabitants living in an
area
Distribution of Water
What percentage of the earth’s surface is covered by ocean water? Answer : 70%
Earth’s Water Ocean Water – 97% Freshwater – 3%
Energy Resources
Fossil Fuels Name the 3 fossil fuels
Natural gas, coal, and petroleum (oil)
Where do fossil fuels come from? organic material subjected to lots of
pressure takes millions of years to develop
Renewable vs. Nonrenewable
Government Systems
Unlimited Government Total control over
citizens
Limited Government Held accountable
to citizens Constitutions /
Elections
Republic/Democracy
Communism Monarchy Dictatorship Anarchy
Draw chart in notes
Republic / Democracy Communism
• ruled by elected representatives•No one too powerful•People have power
Example : United States 3 branches of government - Executive (President) - Judicial (Supreme Court) - Legislative (Congress)
**Balance of Power-Why are we lucky to live in this type of government?
•government owns everything•everyone equal•each person works according to his or her abilities•job chosen by test
Monarchy Dictatorship Anarchy
•King or Queen•Power passes through bloodline or family•Rule could last from few years to centuries
•Absolute power•Brutal•Uses force to get wants•Uses fear to make people obey•No restrictions•Citizens lose rights so the leader holds the power (usually)
•No organized government•Government too involved in citizens’ lives (supporters think)•Too much control(supporters think)