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Domain Eukarya
Supergroup Archaeplastida
KingdomCharophycean
NucleusIntercellular structuresCytoskeleton Linear chromosomesMeiosis and Mitosis
Primary EndosimbiosisContain plastidsChlorophyll AContain Cellulose in cell wallsStarch used as food storage
Chlorophyll B, Carotene, XanthophyllFlagellaInternal fertilization, egg retainedForm phragmoplast during cell plate formation
Domain Eukarya
Supergroup Archaeplastida
KingdomPlantae
NucleusIntercellular structuresCytoskeleton Linear chromosomesMeiosis and Mitosis
Primary EndosimbiosisContain plastidsChlorophyll AContain Cellulose in cell wallsStarch used as food storage
Diplohaplontic life cycleApical meristemCuticleDispersed by seeds or spores
Supergroup Archaeplastida
KingdomPlantae
Bryophytes
Primary EndosimbiosisContain plastidsChlorophyll AContain Cellulose in cell wallsStarch used as food storage
Diplohaplontic life cycleApical meristemCuticleDispersed by seeds or spores
HomosporousNon Vascular, small size Flagellated SpermGametophyte dominant Sporophyte dependant on gametophyteNo true leaves, stems or roots (anchors with rhizoids)Have Gametangia: Antheridia & Archegonium
• Bryophyte Life Cycle – Diplohaplontic, Homosporous• Gametophyte dominant, Sporophyte dependant on gametophyte• Gametangia (cluster of sex organs)• Sporangium
Female Gametangium
Male Gametangium
Moss Sporophyte
• Grows out of adult gametophyte
• Dependant on gametophyte
• Sporangium containing spores located on the top
Rhizoids
• A structure in plants that functions like a root in support or absorption.
• Not a true root due to lack of vascular tissue
KingdomPlantae
Bryophytes
Division Hepatophyta(liverworts)
Diplohaplontic life cycleApical meristemCuticleDispersed by seeds or spores
HomosporousNon Vascular, small size Flagellated SpermGametophyte dominant Sporophyte dependant on gametophyteNo true leaves, stems or roots (anchors with rhizoids)Have Gametangia: Antheridia & Archegonium
Gametangia are antheridia and archegoniaJust pores, no stomataFlattened leaf-like lobes
Division Hepatophyta(liverworts)
• Flattened leaf-like lobes
• Looks like liver, originally thought to be good for the liver when eaten
• Just pores, no stomata
KingdomPlantae
Bryophytes
Division Anthocerophyta(hornworts)
Diplohaplontic life cycleApical meristemCuticleDispersed by seeds or spores
HomosporousNon Vascular, small size Flagellated SpermGametophyte dominant Sporophyte dependant on gametophyteNo true leaves, stems or roots (anchors with rhizoids)Have Gametangia: Antheridia & Archegonium
Hornlike sporangia
Division Anthocerophyta (hornworts)Green top parts: Sporangia (horns)Dark slime looking bottom: Dominant Gametophyte
KingdomPlantae
Bryophytes
Division Bryophyta(mosses)
Diplohaplontic life cycleApical meristemCuticleDispersed by seeds or spores
HomosporousNon Vascular, small size Flagellated SpermGametophyte dominant Sporophyte dependant on gametophyteNo true leaves, stems or roots (anchors with rhizoids)Have Gametangia: Antheridia & Archegonium
Has Leaf like structuresSporophyte has a capsule with calyptrasGametophyte grows from protonema Important part of the eco system
Division Bryophyta (moss)
Life Cycle
Division Bryophyta (moss) capsule
• Operculum falls off when dry
• Teeth open
• Internal spores are released
Division Bryophyta (moss) capsule with calyptras
Division Bryophyta (moss) Protonema• When a moss first grows from the spore, it grows as a
protonema which develops into a leafy gametophyte.
Kingdom: PlantaeDomain: Bryophyta
Genus: Sphagnum
• Demonstrated moss absorbance in the lab
• Looked at the clear, non photosynthetic, absorbent cells
• Compared to green, photosynthetic cells
• Absorbance important in the global ecosystem
Division Bryophyta (mosses) gametophyte
KingdomPlantae
Seedless Vascular Plants
Diplohaplontic life cycleApical meristemCuticleDispersed by seeds or spores
Structure, grow larger, nutrient movementStomataRoots, shoots and leaves (micro/megaphylls)Sporophyte dominant “seen”Gametophyte dependant on Sporophyte Contain Phloem and Xylem
Seedless Vascular Plants
Division Lycophyta(club moss, ground pines, spike moss, quillworts)
GenusLycopodium(club moss)
Structure, grow larger, nutrient movementStomataRoots, shoots and leaves (micro/megaphyll)Sporophyte dominant “seen”Gametophyte dependant on Sporophyte Contain Phloem and Xylem
Lycopodium (club moss) specimen
Lycopodium leaf cross section
Lycopodium Life Cycle
LycopodiumStrobili Unmagnifiedand Magnified
Seedless Vascular Plants
Division Lycophyta(club moss, ground pines, spike moss, quillworts)
GenusSelaginella
Structure, grow larger, nutrient movementStomataRoots, shoots and leaves (micro/megaphyll)Sporophyte dominant “seen”Gametophyte dependant on Sporophyte Contain Phloem and Xylem
Selaginella sporophyte
Selaginella Life Cycle
KingdomPlantae
Seedless Vascular Plants
Division Pterophyta(whisk ferns, horsetails, ferns)
Diplohaplontic life cycleApical meristemCuticleDispersed by seeds or spores
Structure, grow larger, nutrient movementStomataRoots, shoots and leaves (micro/megaphyll)Sporophyte dominant “seen”Gametophyte dependant on Sporophyte Contain Phloem and Xylem
Seedless Vascular Plants
Division Pterophyta
ClassPterophyta(ferns)
Structure, grow larger, nutrient movementStomataRoots, shoots and leaves (micro/megaphyll)Sporophyte dominant “seen”Gametophyte dependant on Sporophyte Contain Phloem and Xylem
Fern Life cycle
Fern Life cycle
BelowSporophyte growing from gametophyte
fern sporophyte
fern sorus on leaf
Fern sorus magnified
fern sporangium with annulus
Seedless Vascular Plants
Division Pterophyta
ClassPsilophyta(whisk ferns)
Structure, grow larger, nutrient movementStomataRoots, shoots and leaves (micro/megaphyll)Sporophyte dominant “seen”Gametophyte dependant on Sporophyte Contain Phloem and Xylem
PsilophytaLife cycle
Psilotum Sporangium
Seedless Vascular Plants
Division Pterophyta
ClassSphenophyta(horsetails)
Structure, grow larger, nutrient movementStomataRoots, shoots and leaves (micro/megaphyll)Sporophyte dominant “seen”Gametophyte dependant on Sporophyte Contain Phloem and Xylem
Life cycle shown in lab
Equisetum life cycle1. Sporophyte plant2. Strobilus3. Sporangium4. Spores5. Antheridium6. Sperm7. Male gametophyte8. Female gametophyte9. Archegonium10. Egg11. Zygote12. Young sporophyte
Equisetum sporophyte
Equisetum gametophyte
Equisetum spores
Seedless Vascular Plants
Division Pterophyta
ClassSphenophyta(horsetails)
Structure, grow larger, nutrient movementStomataRoots, shoots and leaves (micro/megaphyll)Sporophyte dominant “seen”Gametophyte dependant on Sporophyte Contain Phloem and Xylem
Kingdom Plantae Division Hepatophyta Division Anthocerophyta Division Bryophyta
Division Lycophyta Division Pterophyta
Division Ginkgophyta Division Cycadophyta Division Gnetophyta Division Coniferophyta Division Anthophyta
Moss gametophyte, moss sporophyte, moss capsule with calyptras, moss antheridium, moss archegonium, moss protonema, moss rhizoids, Selaginella strobilis nonmagnified & magnified, fern sporophyte, fern sorus, fern sporangium with annulus, fern gametophyte, stomata, megaphyll, Lycopodium strobilis, fern gametophyte, Psilotum sporophyte, Selaginella sporophyte, Equisetum spores, Equisetum sporophyte