Outer protectionCell control centerEnergy centerCell processingStorage and WasteCell division

Cell Theory & Parts

Cell Theory Videos

Important scientists to know: Leeuwenhoek, Hooke, Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow Know what they found and concluded Know which scientist was responsible for

developing which part of the cell theory History of Cell Theory Reenacted:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dscY_2QQbKU Wacky History of the Cell Theory:

http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-wacky-history-of-cell-theory (or http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OpBylwH9DU)

1. All living things are made up of one or more cells and their products

Cell Theory

2. The cell is the simplest unit that can carry out all life processes.

Cell Theory

3. All cells come from pre-existing cells; they do not come from non-living matter

Cell Theory

Spontaneous Generation Theory Theory states that organisms arise

spontaneously from non-living matter Francesco Redi disputed the spontaneous

generation theory with the first controlled biological experiment http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WNByRghR6sw

Louis Pasteur’s Swan neck experiment (watch first 1:40) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=63IoOLXmzKg

For Redi and Pasteur know what they hypothesized, what they found and what they concluded

Louis Pasteur Swan Neck Experiment

http://202.204.115.67/jpkch/jpkch/2008/wswx/chapter%201.htm

Modern Cell Theory

4. Activity of an organism depends on total activity of independent cells

5. Energy flow occurs within cells6. Cells contain hereditary information

which is passed from cell to cell during cell division

7. The cells of organisms of similar species are alike in chemical composition

All cells have to perform the same basic activities to stay alive:

Use energy Store materials Absorb materials Eliminate waste Transport substances Reproduce

Cell Processes

Organs are specialized structures in the body that perform specific life processes (functions)

Organelles are specialized structures inside the cell that perform specific cell processes for a cell to live

Organelles are surrounded by a membrane

Organelle… the ‘mini organs’

Cellular Components

Function Organelle & cell parts

Outer protection

Cell wall, Plasma membrane

Cell control centre

Nucleus, nucleolus

Energy centre Mitochondria, Chloroplast

Cell processingEndoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi body

Storage and waste

Vacuole, cytoplasm, chloroplast

Cell division Centrioles

Activity 1: Organelle Notes Brainstorm: What does a good note look

like?

Individually read up on the structure of your organelle including information on where it is found in cell and the cell types that have it.

Information can be found in the textbook and your workbook.

As a group, record your structure notes on chart paper.

Activity 2: Organelle Charades As a group you will determine how to silently

act out the function of your organelle The class will guess the function and the

organelle you are representing You do not need to pretend to be the

organelle. You only need to act out the function.

E.g. If your organelle is responsible for removing waste, you could act out taking out the garbage.

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Cell Membrane

All cells are surrounded by a flexible membrane

Also known as the plasma membrane

The membrane is made of a substance called phospholipid

Phospholipids also form the membranes around organelles

Cell Membrane Structure

Controls exchange of material between interior of the cell and the external environment

Protection

Cell Membrane Function

17

Cytoplasm

Mostly made of water Can range from a

liquid to a jelly-like substance

Contains dissolved substances

Cell organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm

Cytoplasm

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Nucleus & Nucleolus

Nucleus

Control centre of the cell

Contains genetic information (e.g. chromosomes)

Contains nucleolus Surrounded by a

nuclear membrane Nuclear membrane

is double layered and has pores

Nucleolus

Darker area in the nucleus

Where ribosomes are made

Ribosomes

made in nucleolus can be bound to

the rough endoplasmic reticulum or float freely in cytoplasm

Function to catalyze the reactions of protein synthesis

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

Network of flattened, interconnected membrane sacs (tubes and pockets)

Branches out from the nuclear envelope

Two types of ER: rough and smooth

Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure

ribosomes

Nuclear envelope

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Contains ribosomes on its membrane

surface Site for protein synthesis

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum No ribosomes on its membrane

surface Site for lipid synthesis

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Golgi Body

Golgi Body Structure

Flattened, stacked, interconnected membrane sacs (similar to ER)

Located near ER Also known as the

Golgi apparatus

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_rBYpndaJ_ak/S-sxGmLUOuI/AAAAAAAAAGM/oKWwbrO41-U/s1600/Golgi+apparatus.gif

Golgi Body Function

Modifies proteins and lipids Process materials to be removed from the

cell Make and secrete mucus Packages products into vesicles for transport

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Mitochondria

Mitochondria Structure

Surrounded by a double membrane

Inner membrane is folded to increase the surface area

Reactions occur on the inner membrane surface

Intermembrane space

Produces energy through a process called cellular respiration

Reaction involves converting energy from food (e.g. sugars) to cellular energy

Process requires oxygen

glucose + O2 CO2 + H2O + energy

Mitochondria Function

Cells that are very active (e.g. muscle cells) contain many mitochondria

Cells that are fairly inactive (e.g. fat cells) only have a few mitochondria

Mitochondria

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Centrioles

Centrioles

Comes as a pair Only found in

animal cellsMade of cylindrical

tubes Involved in cell

division by organizing spindle fibers

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Vacuoles

Fluid-filled sac surrounded by a single layer of membrane

In animal cells: many small vacuoles

In plant cells: one large central vacuole

Vacuole Structure

Vacuole Function

General: Storage of food, water,

waste Removing unwanted

substances from the cell

In Plants: Maintaining internal

fluid pressure (turgor) which helps gives plants structure and strength

Lysosome

Membrane bound sac of digestive enzymes

Function: digest food breakdown

microorganisms recycles cell’s own

organic material

http://www.daviddarling.info/images/lysosome.gif

Plant cells contain some organelles that animal cells do not have…

Plant Cell Organelles

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Cell Wall

Cell Wall

Found outside of the cell membrane

Rigid but porous Made of celluloseGives shape and

support Provide protection

from injury

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Chloroplast

Chloroplast Structure

Surrounded by a double membrane

Contain chlorophyll, a pigment that gives plants their green colour

Intermembrane Space

X (It’s pointing to the inner space, not the yellow fibers)

Site for starch (a type of sugar) storage

Site for photosynthesis Reaction involves

trapping light energy to create food in the form of sugars

Starting substances are carbon dioxide and water

CO2 + H2O + energy O2 + glucose

Chloroplast Function

Cell Theory Style(Parody of Gangnam style) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=10p07KEBQus

Inside the body there's an interesting thingyThat exists in every organism that is livingWe know it exists cause of a thing called the cell theoryAnd it's really quite unforgiving

It all started withA man whose name was called Robert HookeHe looked at some cork and took a lookHe called them cells And now he's in textbooks

And now we take another look atAnother man (hey) who was quite fat (hey)He was a Dutch, who was a masterOf microscopes (hey) and disliked the pope (hey)Looked at a bunch of animalcules

Cell theory StyleTheory styleX2 Cell, cell cell cell, cell theory style

Eeeeeh... Rudolph VirchowCell cell cell cell, cell theory styleEhhhhhhh... all cells divideCell cell cell cell, cell theory styleEh eh eh eh eh eh

Now we look into a bunch of organellesThings that we need to know so we know that we can live wellThese tiny things that make cells are really quite important So you better listen to my cell rant

So were starting withWith the nucleus is the control of the cellIt contains all of the chromosomes, and the DNAIt's surrounded by a membrane with a lot of pores, eh?Nuclear membrane

Now we move on, into the ERIt's got smooth (hey) and it's got rough (hey)It produces a bunch of stuffFor the cell (hey) like proteins (hey)It's connected to the nucleus-us-us-uuuuuuuus

Cell theory styleTheory style2x Cell, cell, cell, cell, cell theory style

EEhhhhhhh Golgi bodyCell, cell, cell, cell, cell theory styleEEhhhhhh.... Refine secretionsCell, cell, cell, cellEh eh eh eh eh eh

Peroxisomes, oxidize aminosLysosomes, they digest the cells foesChloroplasts, they do photosynthesisMitochondria make the ATP

Vesicles, transport materialsLeucoplast, store starch and foodCytoplasm has all the organellesCell Wall gives support to the cellYOU KNOW WHAT I SAY?

Cell theory styleEh eh eh eh eh eh

Ehhhhhhhhhhh centriolesCell, cell, cell, cell, cell theory styleEhhhhhh, form those spindlesCell, cell, cell, cellEH eh eh eh eh eh

Cell theory style

Video Animation

Inner Life of a Cell http://www.dnatube.com/video/551/The-Inner-Life-Of-A-Cell-HQ

Summary of Differences

Function Animal Plant

Outer protection

Plasma membrane

Plasma membrane

Cell wall

Energy centre

MitochondriaMitochondriaChloroplast

StorageMany small

vacuolesOne large

central vacuole

Review

How many organelles can you name?