Parts of the Cell

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Animal Cell

NucleusNucleolus

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Cell Organelles and Function

1. Nucleus– Nickname: “The Control Center”– Function: holds the DNA– Parts:

• Chromatin: strands that contain genetic material

• Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes

– Plant and animal cells

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Animal Cell

NucleusNucleolus Ribosomes

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Cell Organelles and Function

2. Ribosomes– Function: makes proteins– Found in all cells– Located: Cytoplasm

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Animal Cell

NucleusNucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Ribosomes

Cell Organelles and Function

3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)– Nickname: “freeway”– Function: The internal delivery system of

the cell – Located: Cytoplasm– Plant and animal cells

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Animal Cell

NucleusNucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Complex

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Cell Organelles and Function

4. Golgi Complex– Nickname: The shippers– Function: packages, modifies, and

transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell

– Appearance: stack of pancakes– Located: Cytoplasm– Plant and animal cells

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Animal Cell

NucleusNucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Cell Organelles and Function

5. Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes)

– Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” (think Lysol)– Function: to break down food into particles

the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells

– Located: Cytoplasm– Plant and animal cells

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal CellsAnimal Cell

NucleusNucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

MitochondriaCell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Cell Organelles and Function

6. Mitochondria– Nickname: “The Powerhouse”– Function: makes energy

• Breaks down food to make ATP– ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that

require energy

– Located: Cytoplasm– Plant and animal cells

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Cell Organelles and Function

7. Vacuoles– Function:

• Plant Cells– Very large

– stores water

– This is what makes lettuce crisp

» When there is no water, the plant wilts

• Animal Cells– Smaller than in plant cells– Stores/releases waste products – used in cellular digestion

– Located: Cytoplasm

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Cell Organelles and Function

8. Chloroplasts– Function: traps energy from the sun to

produce food for the plant cell– Located: Cytoplasm– Green in color because of chlorophyll,

which is a green pigment– Plant cells ONLY

Looking inside Chloroplasts

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Cell Wall

Cell Organelles and Function

9. Cell Wall– Function: provides support and protection to

the cell membrane– Located: Found outside the cell membrane

in plant cells only

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Cell Wall

Nucleolus

Nucleus

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Cytoplasm

Cell Organelles and Function

10. Cell Membrane– Functions:

• separates the inside of the cell from its environment

• Controls what substances enter and leave the cell (think door)

– Oxygen, carbon dioxide, wastes, food, etc…

– Located:• In plant cells, it is to the inside of the cell wall• In animal cells, it is the outermost part of the cell

Animal Cells vs. Plant Cells