SAYS WHO?

Credit your sources.

Why In-text?

You demonstrate how well-informed you are, which gives your ideas authority and credibility.

No one can accuse you of plagiarism. Your reader knows exactly where each

piece of information came from. Bibliographies are middle school. You’ve

graduated to the big leagues.

Punctuation Rules

In general, the period is placed after the parentheses. For example, completing the senior thesis

is an essential piece to demonstrating college readiness (MacSwan 2).

However, after block quotes, the period goes before the parentheses.

Block Quote Example

By comparing the time of a collision with the phone records, the researchers assessed the dangers of driving while phoning. The results are unsettling:

We found that using a cellular telephone was associated with a risk of having a motor vehicle collision that was about four times as high as that among the same drivers when they were not using their cellular telephones. This relative risk is similar to the hazard associated with driving with a blood alcohol level at the legal limit. (456)

The Foundation: Citing a Book

For a book with one author: The National Traumatic Stress Network

proposes creating a new Institute of Child Abuse and Interpersonal Violence within the National Institute of Health (NIH) to focus and coordinate research on the causes, consequences, treatment and prevention of child abuse (Almond 73).

For two or three authors: (Johnson and Smith 13) or (Brown, Smith, and

Williams 341). For sources with more than three authors:(Cordero et al. 45).

Sources Without Authors

The last form of abuse is called exploitation. This means forcing a child to do something illegal (“Child Maltreatment”).

“Child Maltreatment – Psychological Abuse.” Gale Group. 2010. Health and Wellness. Gale Group. 12 April 2010. <http://galenet.galegroup.com>.

Internet Article (Author & Speaker) Morgan’s mother, Patti Pena, reports

that the driver “ran a stop sign at 45 mph, broadsided my vehicle and killed Morgan as she sat in her car seat.” A week later, corrections officer Shannon Smith, who was guarding prisoners by the side of the road, was killed by a woman distracted by a phone call (Besthoff).

Newspaper (Author & Speaker) Frances Bents, an expert on the

relation between cell phones and accidents, estimates that between 450 and 1,000 crashes a year have some connection to cell phone use (Layton C9).

Example with the author’s name in the preceding sentence

Using police records, John M. Violanti of the Rochester Institute of Technology investigated the relation between traffic fatalities in Oklahoma and the use or presence of a cell phone. He found a nine fold increase in the risk of fatality if a phone was being used and a doubled risk simply when a phone was present in a vehicle (522-23).

A source citing another source

Even a spokesperson for Verizon Wireless has said that statewide bans are preferable to a “crazy patchwork quilt of ordinances” (qtd. in Haughney A8).

Mix it up

Want to avoid sounding repetitive? There are a variety of ways to cite your source.

Author & Source credited in-text In 1997, an important study appeared in

the New England Journal of Medicine. The authors, Donald Redelmeier and Robert Tibshirani, studied 699 volunteers who made their cell phone bills available in order to confirm the times when they had placed calls. The participants agreed to report any nonfatal collision in which they were involved.

Comparison for contrast

The driver who killed Morgan Pena in Pennsylvania received two tickets and a $50 fine—and retained his driving privileges (Pena). In Georgia, a young woman distracted by her phone ran down and killed a two-year-old; her sentence was ninety days in boot camp and five hundred hours of community service (Ippolito J1).

Citing more than one source at a time

While some distracted drivers receive monetary fines, others are asked to complete community service (Pena, Ippolito J1).

Separate each separate source with a comma.

PRESENTATIONS

All the same rules still apply.

Include the same components. Include a Works Cited page at the end of

your presentation. Follow MLA format. Alphabetize entries.

Cite your sources within your presentation too.

Works Cited (Example)

Korg, Jacob. Dylan Thomas, Updated ed. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1992. Twayne's English Authors Series 20. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 4 Apr. 2013.

Thomas, Dylan. The Collected Poems of Dylan Thomas. New York: New Directions, 1957. Print.

Presentation slide

Laugharne, Wales First visited in 1937

(Korg 8-11)

Returned between work for BBC in London (Korg 8-11)

Eventually purchased for Dylan and Caitlin by his benefactor, Margaret Taylor in 1949 (Korg 8-11)

Thomas’ house in Laugharne, Wales

QUESTIONS?