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Lecture in the educational technology course for Erasmus exchange students. Tallinn University, 8 November 2012.
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Digital Learning ResourcesHans Põldoja
cbaThis work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.
http://www.slideshare.net/hanspoldoja
What makes a good digital learning resource?
Generations of digital learning content
Educational CD-ROMs
Educational CD-ROMs
• Content integrated with the environment
• Difficult to update and reuse
• Requires specific operating system
Learning objects
Text
Image
Movie
Sound
Table
Question
Learning object
Learning object Course
Learning objects
Learning object
Repositories and metadata
Metadata
(Hermann, 2002)
Types of repositories
• Repository — metadata + resources
• Referatory — metadata + links to resources
Learning resource authoring tools
http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/xerte/toolkits.htm
http://www.apple.com/ibooks-author/
Learning resources and copyright
What is protected by copyright?
• Literary works
• Musical works, including any accompanying words
• Dramatic works, including any accompanying music
• Pantomimes and choreographic works
• Pictorial, graphic and sculptural works
• Motion pictures and other audiovisual works
• Sound recordings
• Architectural works
• Computer software
What is not under copyright?
• Works that have not been fixed in a tangible form of expression (not written or recorded)
• Facts
• Ideas, principles and concepts
• Works for which copyright has expired
Duration of copyright
• Copyright protection starts from the time the work is created in a fixed form
• Copyright protection lasts authors’ lifetime and 70 years after death
Economic rights
• Reproduction
• Distribution
• Rental
• Broadcasting
• Public performance
• ...
• Attribution
• Anonymous or pseudonymous publishing
• Integrity of the work
• Withdrawal
• ...
Moral rights
Limitations
EU Copyright Directive lists a number of limitations that can be applied by the member states, including:
• Reproductions by public libraries, educational institutions or archives for non-commercial use;
• Use for illustration for teaching or scientific research, to the extent justified by the non-commercial purpose;
• Communication of works to the public within the premises of public libraries, educational institutions, museums or archives
(Directive 2001/29/EC)
Problems in the context of digital learning resources
• What extent of educational reuse is justified by the non-commercial purpose?
• Translation and modification of the work requires agreement from the author
Open content licences
Creative Commons licenses
• Attribution (CC BY)
• Attribution-Share Alike (CC BY-SA)
• Attribution-NoDerivs (CC BY-ND)
• Attribution-Noncommercial (CC BY-NC)
• Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike (CC BY-NC-SA)
• Attribution-Noncommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND)
License conditions
bAttribution — You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor
aShare Alike — If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one
nNoncommercial — You may not use this work for commercial purposes
dNo Derivative Works — You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work
Rights
sShare — to copy, distribute and transmit the work
r Remix — to adapt the work
Three “Layers” of licenses
(Creative Commons, 2012)
How to recognize CC licensed works?
Marking licenses
• If no license information is included with the work, then users must assume that all rights are reserved
• Title of the license, icon and link are added to openly licensed content
Creative Commons icons
Open content
http://www.flickr.com/creativecommons
What are OER’s?
Open Educational Resources (OER) are digital materials that can be re-used for teaching, learning, research and more, made available free through open licenses, which allow uses of the materials that would not be easily permitted under copyright alone.
(Wikipedia, 2012)
From open content to open education
References
• Hermann, T. (2002). Overview of LOM Draft 6.4. http://www.sreb.org/programs/EdTech/SCORE/SCORE_Users_Guide.pdf
• Directive 2001/29/EC, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32001L0029:EN:HTML
• Wikipedia (2012). Open educational resources. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_educational_resources
Photos
• Johan Larsson, http://www.flickr.com/photos/johanl/6966883093/
• http://www.flickr.com/photos/srgblog/728719997/
• Alan Chia, http://www.flickr.com/photos/seven13avenue/2080281038/
• Pietro Zanarini, http://www.flickr.com/photos/zipckr/3925513417/
• Glenn Fleishman, http://www.flickr.com/photos/glennf/4309829213/
• http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SmartBoard.JPG
• Laineys Repertoire, http://www.flickr.com/photos/76283671@N00/142605716/
• Hamed Saber, http://www.flickr.com/photos/hamed/389212454/
• http://www.flickr.com/photos/epsos/5394616925/
Thank You!
• http://www.slideshare.net/hanspoldoja