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EFFECTS OF BASKETBALL SIZE ON,
CATCHING BY WOMEN BEGINNERS IN
SABARAGAMUWA UNIVERSITY
Basket Ball Research Team 2013
Year III Semester II (2008/09)
Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Educations
Faculty of Applied Sciences
Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka
1
Supervisor
Supervisor
Mr. S. Sriharan
Faculty of Applied Sciences
Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education
Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka
2
OVERVIEW
1. Introduction
2. Objectives
3. Theoretical Framework & Literature Review
4. Methodology
5. Development & Implementation
6. Data analysis & Interpritation
7. Discussion
8. Conclusions
9. Recommondation
10. Limitation
11. Ethical consideration
12. References
3
01. INTRODUCTION
Basketball is one of the world’s most popular , second fastest widely
viewed sports.
There are many skills in field of Basketball & ball familiarization takes a
major position within those skills & it directly associated with the ball
control
In world controversial several sizes of basketball use according to
- Age (U15/U17/U19/U21-Junior/Youth/Seinior)
- Gender
- Special Purpose (5 a Side/3 a side/Street type Games)
4
INTRODUCTION Cont.....
But in Srilanka ?
Some National level girls competition also still using size No 7 ball,
eventhough Our university girls team also faced this challenge in many time...
So ,
Regarding complicated this issue the purpose of this research study was
conducted as the assumption.
5
02. OBJECTIVES
OVERALL OBJECTIVE
Recognize the most appropriate Basketball size through improving ball
familiarization
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
To identify the drills that use to improve ball familiarization of the students
For measuring and evaluate the performance from the different ball sizes
To Identify the most suitable Ball size for women beginners in the
university
To Identify the most suitable Ball size when practicing the beginners
6
03.Theoretical Framework & Literature Review
Theoretical Framework
HYPOTHISIS
when apply the action plan to basketball familiarization training, it will help to
indentify effects of basketball size on, catching by women beginners in
sabaragamuwa university
Ho - Null Hypothisis ( μ1 = μ2 )
Ha - Alternative Hypothisis ( μ1 ≠ μ2 )
7
Theoretical Framework & Literature
Review
RESEARCH DESIGN
One group pre test- post test research design
which categorized under the Pre experiment research design
O1 X O2
Independent Variable – Training plan (Familiarization Training)
Dependent Variable – Ball Controlling ability
Pre -Test Treatment Post - Test
8
Literature Review
Direct Literature Review
01. (T.L.Phillips, 2009, fundamentals for basketball beginners)
According to T.L. Phillips, A 28.5 inch basketball size is the size used by the girls
basketball teams. This size is best recommended for developing fundamental skills.
02. Wilkerson, Bethany Thesis (M.A.)--Ball State University, 1989
(1989)
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two different sizes and
weights of basketballs on free throw shooting performance on unskilled women. The
subjects (n=8) were unskilled women, selected from Ball State University's Physical
Education classes
9
Literature Review Cont...
Tangen Literature Review
• (MihaelaChicombana, 2009, Technical training – A fundamental
component of sports training in the Basketball game)
According to MihaelaChicombana, The technical procedure designates a concrete
motor structure or a particular way of executing the technical element. For example,
throwing through the basket from the semi distance jump is a concrete technical
procedure designed to execute a characteristic action of the basketball game with
maximum of efficiency.
10
04. Methodology
Data Analyze & Interpretation
Sample Selecting
Questionnaire Distribution
Pre - Test
Treatment
Post - Test
11
Sample Selecting
As study sample researchers selected 20 students were selected
by the girls population in 2nd year 1st semester of the department
through the method of stratified sampling
12
05. Development & Implementation
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
Own body familiarization
Ground familiarization
paired familiraization
sharp & Complex familiraization
skill Associated familiraization
Types of familiarization1st Week 2nd Week 3rd Week 4th Week
Interviews &
questionnaries
Study the
problem
Pre-T
est
1st Month (27
th May - 23
rd June -2013)
13
Development & Implementation
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
Own body familiarization
Ground familiarization
paired familiraization
sharp & Complex familiraization
skill Associated familiraization
7th Week 8th Week
Interviews ,
Data analysis
&
interpritation
Types of familiarization2
nd Month (23
rd June - 21
st July -2013)
5th Week 6th Week
Post-Test
14
06. Data analysis & Interpritation
We used two type of methods to Analysis Data
1. Mean Comparision (Pre – Test & Post Test)
2. Statical Analysis
By using minitab version 14 Software 2003
The significant level was accepted to 95%
15
Mean Comparision (Pre – Test)
No 06 No 07 No 06 No 07 No 06 No 07
1 22 21 97 100 40 38
2 26 23 100 103 41 37
3 24 20 99 102 43 39
4 18 16 88 90 38 34
5 16 17 92 94 39 35
6 22 23 95 92 40 39
7 21 19 94 96 39 35
8 25 22 92 97 47 41
9 19 18 99 105 41 38
10 21 20 98 96 40 36
11 24 21 105 104 45 42
12 26 24 102 101 48 45
13 25 23 101 105 44 40
14 21 20 96 99 41 36
15 19 16 89 94 38 36
16 22 20 93 99 39 37
17 21 20 100 103 38 35
18 24 21 95 101 46 39
19 25 22 98 100 49 45
20 20 19 102 105 44 40
Sum 441 405 1935 1986 840 767
Mean 22.05 20.25 96.75 99.3 42 38.35
Test A Test B Test C
Pre - Test
Students
Test – A ( Figure of 8 Frequency)
Test – B (Dribbling Frequency)
Test – C (Wall Tap Frequency)
Pre – Test Data
* All Frequencies are analyze Per Minute
16
Mean Comparision (Post – Test)
No 06 No 07 No 06 No 07 No 06 No 07
1 25 22 106 103 46 40
2 29 26 109 105 47 39
3 30 29 105 104 46 42
4 23 20 96 91 44 39
5 19 18 103 99 45 41
6 25 26 97 92 42 42
7 24 21 92 95 43 41
8 26 25 99 97 49 45
9 21 19 100 102 44 43
10 26 24 98 98 46 45
11 28 26 110 109 46 47
12 31 29 109 106 51 45
13 29 25 108 107 45 44
14 26 22 96 98 46 42
15 26 19 95 94 40 36
16 27 23 102 100 40 38
17 23 22 112 108 49 45
18 25 21 105 105 50 42
19 29 28 99 96 52 49
20 27 24 110 106 49 43
Sum 519 469 2051 2015 920 848
Mean 25.95 23.45 102.55 100.75 46 42.4
Post - Test
SubjectTest A Test B Test C
Test – A ( Figure of 8 Frequency)
Test – B (Dribbling Frequency)
Test – C (Wall Tap Frequency)
Pre – Test Data
* All Frequencies are analyze Per Minute
17
Pre-Test & Post Test Mean Comparision
46%
47%
48%
49%
50%
51%
52%
No 6 NO 7
Mea
n %
Ball sizes
Test - B (Dribbling Frequency)
Pre test
Post test
42%
44%
46%
48%
50%
52%
54%
No 6 NO 7
Mea
n %
Ball sizes
Test - A ( Figure of 8)
Pre test
Post test
44%
46%
48%
50%
52%
54%
No 6 NO 7
Mea
n %
Ball sizes
Test - C (Wall Tap Frequency)
Pre test
Post test
18
Statical Analysis
To analysis the data statically we used mini tab 14 softwear 2003 as a 1st step
we founded that weather data are distribute normally or non-normally by
grafting the probability plot only post testof both ball No 6 & No 7
according to
- Anderson Darling
- Klomograov-simrnov
19
Test – A (Ball No 06)
Figure of 8
20
.Test – A (Ball No 07)
Figure of 8
21
Test – B (Ball No 06)
Dribbling
22
. Test – B (Ball No 07)
Dribbling
23
. Test – C (Ball No 06)
Wall tapping
24
. Test – C (Ball No 07)
Wall tapping
25
According to these graph we Identify that these data sets are normally
distributed data. So use basic statistic functions to identify whether there
have significant different between ball size No 06 and ball size No 07 for only
post test , by Paired T- Test.
26
27
According to these calculations :
The p-value of all test less than 0.05 So there have significant difference
between ball size No 06 and ball size No 07 ( μ1 > μ2 )
07. Discussion
When comparing Pre - Test & Post Test there is a notable difference.
we can indetify significant deviation in pre – test results (B-test,No 7) than other
Pre-Test results but in post test there is no difference. So we can acknow there is
an improvment by indepencdant variable.
A
B
C
A
B
C
Pre
-T
est
Post -
Test
22.0596.75
42
25.95
102.55
46
20.2599.3
38.35
23.45
100.75
43.9
Mean Comparision (Pre - Test & Post Test)
No 07 No 06
A B C A B C
No 06 22.05 96.75 42 25.95 102.55 46
No 07 20.25 99.3 38.35 23.45 100.75 43.9
Pre - Test Post - TestBall Type
Mean Comparision
28
Discussion Cont....
Null hypothesis (Hₒ): No significant difference between
Ball No 6 & No 07 ( μ1 = μ2 )
Alternative hypothesis (Hₒ): significant difference between
Ball No 6 & No 07 ( μ1 ≠ μ2 )
All the differences was considered significant at the level of 95%
In our research have significantnt difference between ball No 06 & No 07 because
of P value of all test less than 0.05
There for we accepted Ha - Alternative Hypothisis ( μ1 > μ2 )
29
08. Conclusion
The ball size was a really a matter of concern. It deeply affected to the to
the better performances of women beginners in the game of basketball.
Further more accepting and witnessing the built hypothesis of the
researchers and the final analyzed data indicated effect of the basketball
size is very critical to up lift the performance of women beginners in the
game of basketball.
Furthermore basket ball players core related factors like muscle mass, size
of the palm, somatic conditions, fitness level, endurance, strength, speed,
differ from Male players to female players.
30
Conclusion Cont.....
That’s why the one reason was the introduce the ball size no 6 to women
beginners for their better performances.
All throughout the research procedures researchers investigated the
tremendous skill development, easily adaptation to the ball, clever
coordination with handling the ball with powerful effect of the ball size no 6.
31
09. Recomondation
According to researcher’s final out comes and results showed ball size No
6 is most ideal for better performanceces ,
so according their findings, it is ideal to use for womens team in
sabaragamuwa university
32
10. Limitations
Since the exams were nearing, the students were engaged in extra lectures which
scheduled during the practice sessions the practices were hindered. Because of
the heavy blowing during the practice period and rainy season the practices were
disturbed. most of the students were engaged in studying for mid semester
exams some As students were absence for the practices and the practices were
disturbed.
33
11. Ethical Consideration
The Department of Sports Science Management and Physical Education
provided the approval to conduct the research. Obtain ethical consent from the
Sample which was selected as subjects, to before conducted the research and
Maintain confidentiality of gathered data. The Questionnaires which
collected by the participants should not published, photographs were not allow
to published or used as an evidence and they all were deleted immediately
after gathering of relevant information. Data and information are protected in
under our securer, and data will not publish and deliver to anyone without
permission.
34
12. References
Books
1.Mikes.J&Meyer.R, (1999) Basketball Fundamentals: A Complete Mental Training Guide, J.Bravo& Group
2. David M.H. et al. (2010) Basketball Fundamentals,Penguin Group, 2nd Edition.pp.19-46. Dorling Kinderserly Limited,London,UK.
Web Sites
1. Basketball, Available at http:// www.usabasketball.com Access on 24th June 2013.
2. Rules of Basketball, Available at http:// www.fiba.com Access on 26th June 2013.
3. Passing/Shooting/Dribbling/Ball handling Techniques, Available at http://www.ihoops.com/practice-time Access on 24th June 2013
4. Basic Skills in Basketball, Available at http://www.twu.edu/downloads/inspire/part_ii_-_basic_basketball_skills.pdf
Access on 24th June 2013
5. Skill Training Available at http://www.activeskillstraining.com/ Access on 27th June 2013
35
ThankYou
36Reserch Team – Basketball (2013)
