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Table of contents:
1. Imperfect
2. Pretérito
3. Irregular Pretérito
4. Spock
5. Cucaracha
6. Snake/snakey
7. Modal verbs
8. Adverbs
9. Present/past progressive
10. Futuro/ irregulars
10. Conditional
11. Supperlatives
12. Formal commands
13. Prepositions
14. Demonstratives
Imperfect words.
Verb Hablar Comer Escribir
Yo Hablaba Comía Escribía
tu Hablabas Comías Escribías
l/ella/Ud. Hablaba Comía Escribía
Nosotros bamos Comíamos Escribíamos
vosortos Hablabais Comíais Escribía is
Ellos/ellas/Uds. hablaban Comían Escribían
Imperfect verbs continued.
Verb Ir Ser Ver
Yo iba era veía
Tu ibas eras veías
l/ella/Ud. iba era veía
Nosotros íbamos ramos veíamos
Vosotros ibais erais veíais
Ellos/ellas/Uds. iban eran veían
Pretérite.
A snapshot of the past
A perfected action of the past.
Beginning and/or ending
Ar Er/Ir
Yo é í
Tu aste iste
El/Ella/Ud. ó ió
Nosotros amos imos
Ellos/Ellas/Uds.
aron ieron
Preterite triggerwords.
Ayer
Anoche
anteayer
La semana pasada
El año pasado
Irregular Pretérito.
Tocar:-Toqué-Tocaste-Tocó-Tocamos-Tocaron
Jugar:-Jugué-Jugaste-Jugó-Jugamos-Jugaron
Comenzar:-Comencé-Comenzaste
-comenzó-Comenzamos
-Comenzaron
-car-gar-zar
Regular verbs that end in –car –gar –zar have a spelling change in the yoform of the preterite to maintain the original sound of the verb.
Pretérito.
Ander= anduv- Estar= estuv- Ponder= pud- Poner= pus- Querer= quis- Saber= sup- Tener= tuv- Venir= vin-
Decir= dij- Traer= traj- Conducir= conduj- Producir= produj- traducir= traduj-
Cucaracha-e-iste-o-imos-isteis-ieron
Pretérito.
Snake/SnakeyStem Changers
Y ChangersDORMIR-Dormí-Dormimos-Dormiste-Durmio
-Dumieron
LEER-Leí-Leimos-Leiste-Leyo
-Leyeron
- To write the third person (el/ella/ud. And ellos/ellas/uds. In preterite form of –er and –ir verbs with stems that end in a vowel, change the I to Y.
- All of these preteriteforms require an accent, except the uds./ellos/ellasforms.
Modal verbs.
Congugate and pair the modal verbs with an infinitive to get a new meaning
ir+a+infinitive(going to do something)
Poder+infinitive(are able to do something)
Querer+infinitive(want to do something)
Deber+infinitive(should do something)
Tener+que+infinitive(to have to do something)
Soler+infinitive(to be accustomed to…)
Los Adverbs.
Most Spanish adverbs are formed by adding –menteto the feminine singular form of the adjective.
Corresponds to –ly in English
Claro-clara-claramente=clearly
Constante - Constante – constantemente =constantly
When two adverbs modify the same verb, only the second adverb uses the –mente meaning. The first adverb is just changed into the feminine singular form.
Ex: Juan trabaja lenta y curdadosamente
• Juan works slowly and carefully.
El chico le habló clara y cortésmente
• The boy spoke to him clearly and constantly
Progressive tense.
Present progressive tense is formed by combing the conjugated, word “to be” with the present participle.(used when the action is happening)
Estar + -ando/-iendo/-yendo
Ex. Estoy hablando a ti.= I am talking to you.
To from past progressive conjugate estar in the imperfect tense, drop the –ar/-er/-ir of infinitive, and attach the appropriate ending. (used when the action is continually going)
Ex. Estaba hablando a ti.= I was talking to you.
El futuro.
-é
-ás
- á
-emos
- án
Decir= dir-
Hacer= har-
Poner= pondr-
Salir= saldr-
Tener =tendr-
Valer= vendr-
Poder= podr-
Querer= querr-
Saber= sabr-
Infinitive -é-ás- á-emos- án
Conditional
Used to express probability, possibility, and wonder, usually translated as would, could, probably or must have.
Infinitive +
Ía
ías
ía
íamos
ían
For Example:
Hablar:HablaríaHablaríasHablaríaHablaríamosHablarían
Superlatives.
When you want to say something has the most or the least of a certain quantity, you use a superlative. Ex: Luis es el más alto. -Luis is the tallest
To use a noun with the superlative form. Put an alter after article. Ex: Luis es el chico mas alto. – Luis is the tallest boy.
When you refer to an idea or a concept, use the acticle lo. Ex: Luis says: -Lo más increible es que
son los dos.. –the most incredible {thing }is that it’s two o’clock..
Remember to use these irregular forms when referring to the best, worst, oldest and youngest. El/la mejor, el/la peor, el/la mayor, el/la menor.
El más.. Elmenos..
Los más.. Los menos..
La más.. La menos..
Las más.. Las menos..
Formal commands.
DOP+IOP +’se’ can attach to an affirmative
---------------------------
DOP+IOP +’se’ must go before the negative command
Tu- simply drop the ‘s’
Los irregulares- di, haz ,ve, pon, sal, se, ten, ven.
Ud./uds.-pit it in ‘yo’ form and change to opposite vowel.
Los irregulares-TVDISHES
Los irregulares-TVDISHES
Los irregulares-TVDISHES
Ud./uds.-pit it in ‘yo’ form and change to opposite vowel.
Tu- put it in the ‘yo’ form and change the opposite vowel, add an ‘s’.
AFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
NOSOTROS
Make same as ud./Uds.
Irregular-TVdishes
Prepositions.
To tell where things are located.
Abajo Down/ under
Arriba On top of
Debajo Below
Dentro Inside
Encima de Above
A la izquierda To the left of
A la derecha To the right of
En el centro In the center