Bombing Events & Blast Injuries 1

THE HEALTH DISASTERS

2

1. Present the scope & impact of Public Health Emergencies

2. Define the concept of Emergency Public Health3. Differentiate Emergency Public Health from

Disaster Medicine4. Show how Emergency Public Health can lead to

Public Health Security

Objectives

Baylor College of Medicine 3

Natural Public Health Emergencies

Sichuan EarthquakeMay 19, 2008

Scope of Problem

Emergency Public Health 4

Industrial Public Health Emergencies

BP Gulf of Mexico Explosion

April 20, 2010

Emergency Public Health 5

Infectious Disease Public Health Emergencies

Emergency Public Health 6

Terrorism Public Health Emergencies

9/11/2001

Emergency Public Health 7

Emergency Public Health 8

Increasing Threats to Cities

Number of Declared US Disasters 1988-2008

(Source: Data from FEMA http://www.fema.gov/news/disaster_totals_annual.fema)

Emergency Public Health 9

Increasing Densities of Cities

Current and Projected Percentage of Global Population Living in Urban Areas

(Source: Data from UN. http://esa.un.org/unup/index.asp?panel=1)

Emergency Public Health 10

Emergency Public Health: A New Concept

New & Emerging FielD

• New field of academic study• “Public Health” approach to large-scale

emergencies and crises• Population-based analysis

Emergency Public Health 11

Emergency Public Health vs. Disaster Medicine

“Hazards”: events that cause Emergencies – Natural (earthquakes, hurricanes, droughts)– Deliberate (bombing, chemical attack,

biological attack)– Accidental (nuclear plant malfunction)

“Disaster”: event that overcomes local resources

Emergency Public Health 12

Disaster Cycle

Hazard

Emergency Public Health 13

Emergency Public Health vs. Disaster Medicine

Emergency Public Health differs from Disaster Medicine because it encompasses more than

just the management of specific hazards.

Emergency Public Health 14

Emergency Public Health and the Disaster Cycle

Hazard

Epidemiology

Rapid NeedsAssessment

Surveillance & Monitoring

Emergency Public Health 15

Emergency Public Health vs. Disaster Medicine

Hazard

Patients

Govt:EMSFire

Police Hosps

Private Sector

NGOs

Public Health LawTechnology

EpidemiologyRapid Needs AssessmentsSurveillanceMonitoring

DisasterMedicine

EmergencyPublic Health

AcadCenters

Emergency Public Health 16

Multiple components of society will be disrupted by public health emergencies:– Physical and Mental Health– Security– Housing– Food and Water

Long period of rehabilitation

Emergency Public Health: Broad Impact

Emergency Public Health 17

Large-scale crises will affect all sectors:– Government– Private sector– Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs), – Civilians

Each sector will provide and utilize resources during a crisis

Emergency Public Health: Multiple Sectors

Emergency Public Health 18

Emergency Public Health

Public Health Security

Emergency Public Health 19

National Government

Institute of Medicine (IOM) states there are 6 major roles of the government in public health: 1.Policy 2.Finance3.Public health protection4.Information gathering and dissemination5.Capacity building6.Direct patient health care services

Emergency Public Health 20

Key Components of Mutual Aid Agreements

Interoperabilityof

Communications

Credentialing of

Responders

Financial Responsibilities

Procedures for Requesting

Resources and Personnel

Command and Control of Personnel

and ResourcesLiability

(Source: Data from Department of Homeland Security. National Response Framework. Washington, DC 2008. Available at http://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/nrf/nrf-core.pdf.)

Emergency Public Health 21

Emergency Public Health

Non-Government Sector

Baylor College of Medicine 22

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs): Incentives

1. Growing sense of corporate social responsibility, which includes staff motivation

2. Benefits of “positive branding” 3. Business intelligence 4. Pure willingness to do good

Emergency Public Health 23

Emergency Public Health

Public Health Tools

Emergency Public Health 24

• Epidemiological Studies• Rapid Needs Assessments• Surveillance & Monitoring• Evaluation Processes

Emergency Public Health: Public Health Tools

Emergency Public Health 25

Feedback Mechanisms

•Surveillance•Monitoring•Evaluation

Professionalization of responding and managing public health emergencies.

Emergency Public Health 26

WHO Framework for Surveillance

Emergency Public Health 27

Conclusions

1. Public Health Emergencies are broad-scale events that impact many areas and have long periods of recovery and rehabilitation

2. Public Health Security depends on a region’s Resilience

3. Public Health Tools can help manage these emergencies and guide decision-making