1. CASE STUDY: HIGHLAND TOWER TRAGEDY GROUP MEMBERS: 1. ABDUL RAHMAN BIN MOHAMAD (01DKA12F1092) 2. MUHAMMAD NUR AL-AZIM BIN AZMI (01DKA12F1079) 3. LEO LIT SAM (01DKA12F1098) 4. NOOR AMIRA BINTI MOHD SIDEK (01DKA12F1091) 5. SITI NAJWA BINTI ABDULLAH (01DKA12F1100)

2. HISTORICAL OF HIGHLAND TOWER The Highland Towers tragedy was one of the most tragic tragedies in Malaysia. It is the first case that involved high story apartments collapse. Highland Towers consisted of three 12-story blocks of apartments known as Blocks 1, 2 and 3. It was constructed between 1975 and 1978. Directly behind the three blocks was a steep slope. A stream originating upslope from the Metrolux land flowed across part of the slope. The Highland Towers were once notorious in the 1980s and early 1990s for being a popular spot for the wealthy people. Block 3 Block 2 Block 1 3. In general there are many factors that cause the tragedy from happen listed below: Construction of buildings on the edge of a hill even is not suitable, especially in equatorial and tropical climates with high rainfall. Building apartment on the hillside is also against with the Land Conservation Act 1960. The Act prohibits the development carried out on the hillsides with slopes greater than 18 degree for reasons connected to then environment. Inconsistency between the Land Conservation Act with the Environment Quality Act 1974. CAUSES OF TRAGEDY 4. Sequence of the Tragedy 5. Implications of the tragedy About 48 people lost their lives that have been discovered and identified. The victims are mainly Malaysian, with 12 foreigners (1 Britain, 1Japanese, 2 Indians, 2 Koreans, 3 Filipina and 3 Indonesian). Cause loss of property worth millions of ringgit. Review of acts of environment with by the authorities. Cause damage to the environment seriously affected areas. The possibility of public response on the hillside housing will decrease. This raised concerns among developers. Environmental damage of surrounding area Amendments of existing act related to environment Possibilities of decreasing demands over residential on hillsides. 6. Action taken after the tragedy The state government has set up a special investigative body that handled by MPAJ to determine the cause of the incident. A full report on the causes of the tragedy was completed and published in 1994. The Cabinet has decided to stop immediately the all tall building projects approved in the hills until a new policy is approved. Cabinet has decided to hold tall building development projects not yet constructed postponed until a decision is made. While projects under construction may be continued only after the developer submits verification of stability and security of the other consultant within a month. The Cabinet has also directed that all buildings of more than 5 storey high in the hills to obtain verification from a qualified consultant in the 6 months to prove the stability and safety of the building interior. Following the Cabinet decision, state governments have taken immediate action to freeze all apartment building in the hills. In addition, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) will be required for any development project in the highlands before a decision is rendered. 7. Liability ( tanggungjawab) 1. First Defendant 2. Second Defendant ( architect) 3. Third Defendant ( engineer ) 4. Fourth Defendant ( local authority ) 5. Fifth Defendant ( Arab Malaysian Finance Berhad ) 6. Sixth Defendant ( an abortive purchaser of Arab Malaysian Land who carried out site clearing works ) 8. Animation - History Channel on Highland Towers