The  Condi*on  of  OpenStreetMap  and  

NeoGeography  in  JapanYuichiro Nishimura*, Nara Women's University

Toshikazu Seto, University of TokyoTaichi Furuhashi, University of Tokyo

Haruyuki Seki, Georepublic Japan

session:  GS162-­‐3OpenStreetMap  and  Geographical  KnowledgeTuesday  06  August  16:00-­‐17:30  Room555A

OpenStreetMap  and  NeoGeography

•OpenStreetMap(OSM:hHp://www.openstreetmap.org)  is  well  known  ‘wiki’  like  mapping  project  making  open  geospaPal  data

• Such  collaboraPve  mapping  is  performed  by  NeoGeographers  who  is  not  professional  but  with  voluntary  cooperaPon  (Goodchild,  2007)

OpenStreetMap  and  NeoGeography

• The  project  was  founded  by  Steve  Coast  in  2004.  OpenStreetMap  reached  1  million  registered  users  on  January,  2013.  (hHp://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Stats)

OpenStreetMap  in  Japan• In  recent  years  such  pracPces  also  

became  popular  in  Japan.  People  comes  to  recognize  the  problems  of  proprietary  based  geospaPal  data  when  they  using  map  as  the  disaster  situaPon,  mapping  for  the  disability  and  the  community. SotM Tokyo 2012:

September, 2012

OpenStreetMap  and  Japanese  Geography

•  The  authors  discuss  the  relaPonship  between  OpenStreetMap  and  Japanese  Geography  from  several  viewpoints.  

• 1.  The  socio-­‐poliPcal  geography  of  OSM  in  Japan.  

• 2.  The  limitaPon  and  the  situatedness  of  OSM

• 3.  OSM  and  geographic  educaPon  in  school  and  university

1.  the  socio-­‐poliPcal  geography  of  OSM  in  Japan• OSM  is  the  boHom-­‐up,  alternaPve-­‐mapping  

project.  OSM  o[en  related  to  the  counter-­‐mapping  acPvity.

• Counter-­‐mapping  is  designed  to  increase  the  power  of  people  living  in  a  mapped  area  to  control  the  representaPons  of  themselves  (Peluso,  1995).  

• Local,  boHom-­‐up  type  of  mapping  by  OSM  can  be  seen  to  one  type  of  counter-­‐mapping  (Elwood,  Goodchild  and  Sui  2011).

Japanese users

• Japanese registered user is about 2,700 in March 2013 (Seto 2013)

• The limited number of core users make mach data.

http://pushpinosm.org/stats/

Japanese users

(Seto 2013)

The number of active user editing way data by prefecture

• The active user and data are concentrated to metropolitan areas and disaster area in tohoku-region.

Heavy  rainfall  disaster  oin  the  mountainous  area  of  Nara  (Totsukawa,  September  2011

• It takes more than 4.5 hours between Totsukawa village (Nara Pref.) and Nara city by public transport (the distance is about 125km).

Totsukawa

Nara City

© OpenStreetMap contributors, CC-BY-SA

maps  of  Japanese  mountainous  area

• relaPvely  low  quality  by  Google  Maps– Google  Japan  uses  zoomed  map  data  by  Zenrin  residenPal  map  mainly  focused  on  the  urban  area. 10

crisis  mapping

11

• Yahoo!  Japan/Alps:  way  data  (imported  in  20th,  Aug.  2011)

• Bing  satellite  image  (trace)–mainly  Coastal  area  (Shingu  to  Kushimoto)– no  good  resoluPon  data  in  Totsukawa

• GSI  base  map  1:25,000(WMS  trace)– for  drawing  buildings

by  heavy  mappers  outside  of  the  local  community

• most of Japanese mappers: male, middle age, "IT lovers"

• few proportion of female mappers

• few proportion of elderly/student mappers

• few proportion of disability

• OSM can helps diverse needs and maps for each users

gender/age/ability biases of mappers in Japan

Japanese  Neo-­‐liberalism  and  OSM

•OSM  could  be  related  to  Japanese  Neo-­‐liberalism.  Recent  Japanese  ‘New  Public  Commons’  could  be  associated  with  such  NeoGeographical  pracPces.  The  openness,  transparency  and  parPcipatory  natures  of  OSM  aHract  aHenPon  by  the  local/naPonal  government.    

• However,  the  public  parPcipaPon  by  using  OSM  has  limited  in  Japanese  poliPcal  situaPon.  The  diverse  needs  expression  by  maps  rarely  adopted  to  the  poliPcal  decision.

2.  the  limitaPon  and  the  situatedness  of  OSM

•The  difference  between  local  mappers  and  global  mappers  should  be  the  problems  in  OSM.  

• For  example,  OSM  itself  involve  the  Eurocentrism  such  as  the  place  naming  method  or  the  classificaPon  and  tagging  method  of  the  geographic  features,  which  is  not  fit  to  most  of  Asian  ciPes.

developing  Japanese  rendering  server

http://osm.jp/map

• rendering  server  fit  to  Japanese  situaPon

• more  detailed  scale

• Icons  of  convenience  store,  GS  and  other  POI(Point  of  Interests)s.

• They  are  helpful  for  the  spaPal  recogniPon  and  navigaPon

3:  OSM  and  geographic  educaPon  in  school  and  university

•Most  of  the  geographic  educaPon  in  university  and  the  school  is  sPll  old-­‐fashioned  and  for  educaPng  professionals,  the  new  type  of  mapping  pracPces  like  NeoGeography  are  dissociated  from  it  (Dodge  and  Perkins,  2007) at SotM Tokyo 2012

Japanese GIScience BoK(Body of Knowledge)

• mention about NeoGeography

• chapter: GIS and society

• PPGIS：Public

Participation GIS

• internet GIS

• chapter of GISc education

• no mention related to NeoGeography

http://curricula.csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp

OSM  training  in  Nara  Women's  University

movie

OSM and geographic education • OSM mapping is quite

meaningful for geographic education

• how to make map

• how to use GPS

• how to see the place and geographic features by fieldwork

• The student also learn the possibility and the limitation of NeoGeographical mapping

OSM in the university• The researchers and

lecturers in university often say to the students "not to use wikipedia, because of the no references or the illigal copy.

• However, most of them are careless to the license and the legal problems of maps.

• University stuff need to use open data like OSM.

http://igugender2013nara.blogspot.jp/p/accommodation.html