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IMMIGRATION AND THE RISE OF CITIES
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: WHAT FACTORS LED TO INCREASED IMMIGRATION IN AMERICA?WHAT CHALLENGES DID IMMIGRANTS FACE UPON COMING TO AMERICA?
BELL RINGER- ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:▸ List the three major goals of Henry Clay’s American
System.▸ Under the American system, how did America raise
money for internal improvements (roads, railroads, canals, etc.)?
▸ The regional division of the country after Henry Clay’s American System was known as ___________________.
URBAN POPULATIONS GROW▸ Some major cities developed
from Midwestern villages located along rivers
▸ St. Louis is located where the Mississippi River meets the Illinois and Missouri Rivers
▸ Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and Louisville became trade centers that connected farmers in the Midwest with cities in the Northeast
IRISH IMMIGRATION▸ Almost half of the population lived on farms
▸ In Ireland, people depended primarily on potatoes as their primary source of food
▸ Potato crops failed for three years in a row
▸ This potato famine led to the death of 750,000 people
▸ Because of this famine, 2 million people emigrated to the United States
▸ Irish immigrants were very poor and could not buy property
▸ Irish immigrants settled where they landed- almost all of them settled in the Northeastern United States
▸ Today, there are more Irish Americans than Irish nationals
GERMAN IMMIGRATION▸ Between 1845-1855, nearly a million
German immigrants were trying to escape economic hardship by moving to the U.S.
▸ They were also trying to escape political unrest and a revolution
▸ The U.S. was one of the few places that would accept German immigrants
▸ Unlike the Irish, many Germans could afford to move to the Midwest to search for farmland and work
▸ The largest German settlements were in NYC, Baltimore, Milwaukee, Cincinnati, and St. Louis
TEXT
CHECKPOINT▸ Where did Midwestern cities develop?▸ What caused the majority of Irish immigrants to
come to America?▸ Why did Irish immigrants choose to settle in
Northeastern cities?▸ Why were German immigrants able to settle in the
Midwest?
NATIVISM▸ Nativism is the belief that the
needs of natural born Americans should be emphasized over the needs of immigrants
▸ This led to hostility and mistreatment of immigrants
RELIGIOUS NATIVISM▸ Most Irish and German
immigrants were Roman Catholic
▸ The majority of Americans were Protestant
▸ Roman Catholic immigrants were competing with working class Protestants for jobs
▸ Nativist groups began targeting Catholic churches and convents
POLITICAL NATIVISM▸ Most immigrants became
Democrats
▸ Democrats focused on the needs of commoners
▸ Opposition was due to competition
▸ Immigrants were willing to work for almost nothing in order to survive
TEXT
CHECKPOINT▸ What is “nativism?”▸ What were the religious beliefs of most immigrants?▸ Why did many working class Americans oppose
immigration?
THE “KNOW-NOTHING” PARTY▸ Established to eliminate immigrant
influence in politics and American culture
▸ Anti-Catholic
▸ Wanted to extend the time required to become a citizen
▸ Wanted to prevent immigrants from holding political office
▸ Nativist candidates would run for office in the 1850’s, including Millard Filmore who ran for president
NATIVIST RIOTS▸ Ethnic and Anti-Catholic
violence occurred in many Northern cities
▸ During an economic depression in 1844, Protestants and Catholics fought in the streets of Philadelphia. Sixteen people died, dozens were injured, and forty buildings were demolished.
SUMMARIZER/EXTENSION ACTIVITY▸ Imagine you are an immigrant from either Ireland or
Germany. Construct a letter (at least 1/2 of a page) to a friend in Germany or Ireland. Be sure to discuss the following in your letter:▸ Why did you move to the U.S.?▸ Where did you settle and why did you settle there?▸ What kinds of challenges did you face?