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Social Studies
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IMMIGRATION
Where Do Immigrants Come From?
Old Immigrants
• 1840-1860• Religion: Protestant• Location:
– Northern & Western Europe: England, Ireland, Germany, Scandinavia.
• Language: English
New Immigrants
• 1880-1890• East Coast• Religion: Catholic, Eastern Orthodox Jewish• Location:
– Southern & Eastern Europe: Italy, Poland, Greece, Russia and Hungary.
• Language: Not English, spoke many different languages
New Immigrants
• West Coast• Religion: Buddhist and Daoist• Location: Asia, China, Japan, Korea, India and
the Philippines• Language: Not English. Also their culture was
very different
Urbanization
• People moved from farms to the city• Migration: African-Americans move North • Cities:
– New York City– Boston– Philadelphia– Pittsburgh– Chicago
Urbanization
• Jobs: – Steel worker– Meatpacking Industry– Garment Industry– Sales Clerks– Waiters– Barbers– Bank Tellers– Secretaries
Urbanization
• Problems:– Overcrowding– Crime– Homeless– Disease– Unemployment– Garbage and Sewage issues– Cheap buildings
Urbanization
– No garbage pick-up– No police or fire departments– No public transportation
END
Reasons Immigrants Come To America
Land of Opportunity
• “Streets paved with gold”• Religious and Political Freedoms• Job Opportunities• A New Start
PULL FACTORS
• Pull Factors: Reasons that “pull” a person to a new place– Cheap available land– Political & Religious Freedom– Employment Opportunities – Reunite with family– A Free Atmosphere/Better Life
PUSH FACTORS
• Push Factors: Reasons that “push” a person to leave their homeland– NO land– Political & Religious Persecution– War/Revolution– Poverty/Hard Life– No Jobs
Russia
• 1880s• Pogroms: Organized government attack.
Russian Jews were slaughtered and persecuted for their religious beliefs
• May Laws [1882]: Czar Alexander takes away rights from Jewish people living in the Pale Ghetto
• Refugees: Millions of Russian Jews escape to America
Ireland
• 1880s• Blight: Killed potato crops in Ireland• Famine: Citizens in Ireland began to starve
without food• Tenant Farmers: Made very little money, lost
their lands
Ireland
• Problems:– Coffin Ships: Irish immigrants risked their lives to
come to America [NYC and Boston]– Spoke Gaelic– Infected with Typhus– Discriminated against in America
END
ELLIS ISLAND &
ANGEL ISLAND
Immigrants Arrive
• East/West Coast of America• Sailed: Across the Atlantic & Pacific Oceans• Steamships: In Cargo hold with the animals
and other cargo• Steerage: The bottom of the ship, in airless
rooms– Death and disease
BROOKLYN BRIDGE
Ellis Island
• Located: East Coast, NYC Harbor• Immigrants: Mostly Europeans• Procedure:
– Examined by a doctor [Only healthy could enter]– Checked & Logged in– Names might be changed
Statue of Liberty
• Gift from France– Symbol of Freedom and Hope
• Located: NY harbor• New Colossus: Poem written by Emma Lazarus
New Colossus
• “Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, the wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send those, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door”
Angel Island
• Located: West Coast, San Francisco harbor• Immigrants: Mostly Asian [Chinese and
Japanese]• Procedure:
– Examined by a doctor [Only healthy could enter]– Checked & Logged in– Names might be changed
Angel Island
• “Guardian of the Western Gate”• Not Wanted: Most Americans did NOT want
Asian immigrants in America. – Angel Island: Created to control the flow of
Chinese immigrants into America
Angel Island
• Chinese Exclusion Act [1882]– Suspended Chinese immigration for 10years– Declared Chinese immigrants ineligible for
naturalization– Current Chinese immigrants in America that if
they leave, they will not be allowed to return to America.
A Statue for Our Harbor
END
FOR QUIZ• Emma Lazarus Angel Island • Blight May Laws • Steerage Melting Pot • Pogroms Ethnic Neighborhood • Famine Assimilation• Urbanization Push/Pull Factors• Nativists• Ellis Island• Chinese Exclusion Act
Immigrants Assimilate in America
Immigrants
• Assimilate: Begin to adjust to America– Learn: NEW Language, customs and religions – Children: Attend school, assimilate quicker and
easier
Immigrants
• Ethnic Neighborhood: All immigrants who lived there were from the same country
• Location: Chinatown, Little Italy, Little Koreatown, Lower East Side [NYC] – Inner city– Near factories, docks, etc…– “Ghetto” environment
Immigrants
• Ethnic Neighborhood: – Poor Areas: Tenements, Ghetto, Crime and Gangs– Newspapers printed in their language– Churches of their religions– Celebrate their own holidays– Restaurants that served food from their
homelands, etc…
Immigrants
• Melting Pot: Immigrants assimilate and ADD to the new culture– This allowed for a diverse culture
Immigrants
• Salad Bowl: Immigrants don’t assimilate– Keep their individual characteristics– Stay connected to their roots– Leads to more discrimination
Nativists
• White, Native-born, Protestant, English speaking Americans.
• Limit Immigration: Didn’t want anyone coming into America. – Quota: Only a certain number of people from each
place can enter America
Nativists
• Problem: Immigrants…– Worked for less money– Spoke different languages– Had strange new religions and cultures
Nativists
• Discrimination: Against Jews, Irish, Chinese, Mexicans. – Used Violence and intimidation against them
• Examples: – Chinese Exclusion Act– Irish “Need Not Apply” rules in New York City.
Immigrant Cartoons
END
END