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International Journal of
Environmental Planning
and DevelopmentIJEPD
JAN - JUNE 2016
Mechanical Engineering
Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering
Architecture
Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E,Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India
E-mail: [email protected]
¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications
¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering
and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and
Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and
Automation
« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging
Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog
Signals
« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning
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« International Journal of Rural and Regional PlanningDevelopment
« International Journal of Town Planning and Management
Applied Mechanics
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Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms
Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology
« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences
Physics
« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization
« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial
Pollution
Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and
Planning
Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication
Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and
Circuits
Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical
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Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular
Engineering
« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour
« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing
« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamicsand Analysis
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« International Journal of Structural Mechanicsand Finite Elements
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Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and
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Deepika Bhadauria
Commissioning Editors
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Chhavi Goel
Shrawani Verma
EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. Sutapa DasDepartment of Architecture, Indian Institute of
Technology Kharagpur, India
Dr. Prakash Vinayak DurgeDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of
Engineering & Tecnology Akola, India
Dr. Adesoji David Jiboye Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo
University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Dr. Rajindra Kumar PanditDepartment of Architecture, Madhav Institute
of Technology & Science, Gwalior, India
Dr. Kailash M. Rao Department of Architecture, Manipal University,
India
Dr. Yogesh K. Garg Maulana Azad National Institute of
Technology, Bhopal, India
Dr. Mohd Fairuz Shahidan University Putra Malaysia,
Malaysia
Dr. Tim TseDepartment of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China
Dr. V. SubbiahHindustan University, India
Dr. Bibhuti Bhusan Mukharjee Department of Civil Engineering, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology
(VSSUT), Burla, India
Kerstin Frick Hindustan University, India
Dr. Jagdish Singh Maulana Azad National Institute of
Technology, Bhopal, India
Dr. Ajay Bharti North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and
Technology, India
Dr. M. V. Molykutty B.S.Abdur Rahman University,
India
Dr. sohail Ayub Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (Uttar
Prdesh), India
Dr. B.S. Bhooshan,BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore BSB
Architects, Bangalore and Mysore, India
Ms Sharmin Khan,Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture,
Z.H.C.E.T., AMU, Aligarh, India
Fazli Farhan Mohammad Fazli, Aligarh Muslim University (A Central
Government Institution) India
Dr. Tarun Kumar Lohani, Orissa Engineering College, Bhubaneswar,
India
Mr. Joystu DuttaAssistant Professor, Dept. of Environmental
Sciences, Sarguja University, Ambikapur
Nancy JainDepartment of Civil Engineering, ITMGOI,
Gwalior, MP
Dr. Ashwani KumarMalaviya National Institute of Technology
Jaipur,India
From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
journal, International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development. This journal
is part of the Architecture, and is devoted to the scope of present Architecture issues, from
theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies.
This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Environmental Planning as
an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and
technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Architectural community, addressing
researchers and practitioners in this area.
The core vision of International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development in Journals Pub is to
propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and
professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Environmental Planning and
Development in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their
papers at excellently, well-time & successfully.
International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development focuses on original high-quality
research in the realm of Mitigation and preventive measures, Techniques of measurement of water, soil, air
and noise pollution, Auditing and risk assessment, Environmental design, Eco-sufficiency etc.
The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Architecture
and Infrastructure Planning and solutions in the area.
Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Environmental
Planning community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of
creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting
new developments in the field of Environmental Planning and Development.
This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we
would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the
editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project.
It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Architectural readers and will
stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Environmental Planning and Development.
Puneet Mehrotra
Managing Director
1. User Psychology in Architecture of WorkspaceNikita Bokde 1
2. Elements Affecting Purchasing Behavior for Environmentally Sustainable Products:A Review for Future ResearchAbhinav Gupta, Arun Sacher 7
3. Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation: Challenges and Opportunities forFood Security in Agriculture SectorA.N. Sarkar 13
4. Wet Scrubbers – Design of Spray Tower to Control Air PollutantsAkshey Bhargava 70
5. National Air Quality Index: The Need of the HourSonal Jain 76
Contents
IJEPD (2016) 1–6 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
User Psychology in Architecture of Workspace
Nikita Bokde* National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, India
Abstract
The spatial knowledge of our environment is an unconscious requisite for all of us. People
working in offices spend the better part of their day in a built environment, ergo, much of
their thoughts about space are directly connected to the spatial design and architecture of
their surroundings. Design of any space or building, consciously or unconsciously, includes
user psychology. Clearly, the design of a utilitarian building is different than that of a
recreational one, or that of an office different from that of a restaurant. The reason being
unconscious user psychology. When function of any building to be designed is stated, the
designer trying to conceive ideas starts with some mental image with reference to the
function. The office spaces are usually designed for strictly utilitarian purposes with the
design reflecting so. The practice often leads to monotony among employees. Office is a place
where one is supposed to stay, work and interact for 10 hours a day. Accommodating as
many workstations as the space can, the working spaces and environment are not designed
by keeping in mind the user’s mental and physical needs, who have to spend maximum
amount of time in the place. Needs of users are not only related to ergonomics and spaces but
psychology of spaces is also a very important aspect, it can increase or decrease productivity
of workers in an office to a great extent. This paper attempts to explore the theory of user
psychology considerations in workspace architecture and their effects.
Keywords: architecture, user psychology, workspace design
INTRODUCTION
User Psychology
User psychology is everything that can
happen is a user’s mind when they use any
particular design. Architecture is the
science which combines expression,
technology and satisfaction of human
needs.
Buildings are ‘designed’ so that people
using it should have an experience.
Weather positive or negative, every
designed space creates some impact on the
user. If any design is unable to evoke any
type of feeling in the user, that particular
design can be considered a failure.
It is well-established that the built
environment can affect a person’s
emotional state. User psychology can be
used to effect the emotional state and
productivity of the workers or occupants to
a great extent.
User Psychology in Workspaces
The most basic purpose of architecture is
associated with the occupant. Buildings
are created for humans to use, therefore,
human psychology should be the primary
parameter kept in mind while designing
any building. Modern day psychologists
and designers are rigorously studying the
impact of particular built environment on
users.
IJEPD (2016) 7–12 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 7
International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Elements Affecting Purchasing Behavior for Environmentally
Sustainable Products: A Review for Future Research
Abhinav Gupta*, Arun Sacher SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Haryana, India
Abstract
‘Environmentally Sustainable Development’: the term whose presence was felt in early 1970s
became more prominent after getting focus upon in United Nations Conference on
Environment and Development (UNCED) held in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Environmental sustainability is all about responsible purchasing keeping in mind the impact
on the environment with the use or even manufacturing of a product. This paper will provide
a detailed review of literature available on environmentally sustainable consumption
covering all the relevant attributes. In the initial section developments of the concept has
been discussed and further review of literature has been presented thus providing guideline
for future research of marketing for sustainable consumption.
Keywords: sustainability, sustainable attitude, environmentally sustainable consumption.
INTRODUCTION
Products which are environmentally
sustainable have been presented and
defined by researchers in different ways.
Such products are of following types such
as; the products which are environmentally
superior, environment friendly, and
ecologically safe which do not harm the
environment (Chan, 1998).[1]
Products
which are environmentally sustainable
have been presented and described by
D’Souza, Taghian and Khosla (2007)[2]
as
these are the products which are helpful in
achieving and reducing in the
environmental impact.
Environment sustainability concept was
focused upon in United Nations
Conference on Environment and
Development (UNCED) held in 1992 at
Rio de Janeiro. The framework is moving
towards observing and building
environmental regulations, establishing a
green image of the firm and enhancing
value to the products in a greener way.
With growing consumerism it has become
more evident and important for the firms
to contemplate factors which make their
product more environmentally sustainable
as the emphasis on ecological attributes of
the product have increased. It is quite
evident from literature review that
environmentally responsible and alert
consumers are increasing which makes it
important for businesses to align their
products in accordance to the growing
demand for such products.
Environmentally sustainable products also
need innovative refinement in the existing
attributes (Steg & Vlek, 2009);[3]
which
makes it essential for marketers to devise
the overall marketing strategy and
products as well.
Further through this paper research has
been done to understand various attributes
IJEPD (2016) 13–69 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 13
International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation: Challenges and
Opportunities for Food Security in Agriculture Sector
A.N. Sarkar*
Asia-Pacific Institute of Management, 3& 4 Institutional Areas, Jasola, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, India
Abstract
Agriculture and the future of global food security figure very importantly in global climate
change negotiations (e.g. COP 21). As stated in Article II of the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the goal is to ensure stabilization of greenhouse
gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent “dangerous
anthropogenic interference with the climate system”. Agriculture, rural livelihoods,
sustainable management of natural resources and food security are inextricably linked within
the development and climate change challenges of the twenty-first century. Not only is food
security an explicit concern under climate change; successful adaptation and mitigation
responses in agriculture can only be achieved within the ecologic, economic and social
sustainability goals set forth by the World Food Summit, the Millennium Development Goals
and the UNFCCC. The various international as well as national organization have drawn up
appropriate research and development initiatives and programmes with proper funding
(green funding) for mitigation and adaptation measures to minimize the problems. The core
objective in these efforts is to help develop low-carbon economy with high degree of
resilience and sustainability especially in the context of protecting , preventing and
enhancing the food security
The objective of this paper is to identify a broad-based strategy for climate change
responses in agriculture that insulates and effectively provides long-term and sustainable
safeguards of food security, rural livelihood support systems and the provision of
environmental services at the local farming community level. Special focus is given to
existing and potential future mechanisms necessary to support adaptation, mitigation,
technology transfer and financing at national, regional and international levels to meet the
challenges of food security in Agriculture and allied sector in future.
Keywords: adaptation, agriculture, climate change, mitigation, food security
AGRICULTURE AND GLOBAL
CLIMATE CHANGE Agriculture is not only a fundamental
human activity at risk from climate
change, it is a major driver of
environmental and climate change itself. It
has the largest human impact on land and
water resources. About 1.4 billion ha of
arable land (10% of total ice-free land) are
used for crop cultivation and an additional
2.5 billion ha are used for pasture.
Roughly four billion ha are forested land,
5% of which is used for plantation
forestry. Two billion tonnes of grains are
produced yearly for food and feed,
providing two-thirds of total protein intake
by humans. About 10% of total world
cereal supply is traded internationally.[1]
In
IJEPD (2016) 70–75 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 70
International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Wet Scrubbers – Design of Spray Tower to Control Air
Pollutants
Akshey Bhargava*
Department of Civil Engineering, Global Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India
Abstract Wet scrubbers are compatible and effective air pollution control devices to arrest particulate
matters and polluting gases coming out of industrial processes as air polluting emissions.
There are various types of wet scrubbers but the present paper deals with Spray Towers and
its design. The author of the present paper designed the Spray Tower for a 100 TPD cement
plant based on Vertical Shaft Technology (VSK) after monitoring the air emissions in regard
to designed parameters under variable conditions on a time scale. The efficiency of the
designed Spray Tower has been to the tune of more than 95 percent.
Keywords: particulate matter control, spray tower, wet scrubbers
BACKGROUND
Wet scrubbers are effective air pollution
control devices for removing particles
and/or gases from industrial exhaust
streams. A wet scrubber operates by
introducing the dirty gas stream with a
scrubbing liquid – typically water.
Particulate or gases are collected in the
scrubbing liquid. Wet scrubbers are
generally the most appropriate air
pollution control device for collecting both
particulate and gas in a single system.
Pollution systems offer a variety of wet
scrubber systems specifically designed for
process application. Many important
operating variables are considered when
evaluating the size and type of scrubber
for any specific application.[1]
Types of Wet Scrubbers
Chemical scrubbers/gas scrubbers
Particulate scrubbers/venturi
scrubbers
Ammonia scrubbers
Chlorine scrubbers
Particulate/dust scrubbers
Sulfuric acid scrubbers
Particulate Scrubbers/Dust Scrubbers The concept of wet particulate/dust
scrubbers is pretty straightforward. A
liquid – usually water – is injected into the
waste gas stream. The liquid droplets
impact and entrain particulates from the
waste gas stream and collecting them in
the sump for blow down. The treated air
stream is discharged through the exhaust
stack.[2–5]
The scrubber’s design will be impacted by
a wide range of variables such as:
Nature of the particulate/dust to be
removed
Particulate size distribution, initial
pollutant loading/concentration in the
waste stream and whether it Is
flammable or combustible
Required removal efficiency
Temperature and flow rate of the
waste stream
IJEPD (2016) 76–77 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 76
International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
National Air Quality Index: The Need of the Hour
Sonal Jain
Our concern about ambient pollution and
its effect on human health stemmed
primarily from three major air pollution
episodes- Meuse Valley of Belgium in
1930, Donora in Pennsylvania of USA in
1948, and London smog episode in 1952.
These episodes prompted many countries
to initiate legislative and regulatory
measures to control ambient air pollution.
Pollutant effects on human health have
accrued notable data that comes from
spectrum of relevant disciplines including
toxicology, human exposure assessment,
and epidemiology. Among the plethora of
environmental pollutant exposure to
particulate matter (PM) is the largest
environmental health hazards, increasing
the risk of lung cancer, stroke, heart
disease, chronic respiratory diseases, lower
respiratory infections and asthma. The
International Agency for Research on
cancer classified PM pollution as
carcinogenic to humans in 2013, and
designated it as a leading environmental
cause of cancer deaths. India is one of the
countries with highest population exposure
to PM2.5, and has reported consequently
human health risks associated with PM2.5.
SCOPE OF AIR QUALITY INDEX
To inform public regarding overall status
of air quality and its adverse effect the
concept of air quality index (AQI) has
been developed and used effectively in
many developed countries for over last
three decades. An AQI is defined as an
overall scheme that alter weighted values
of individual air pollution related
parameters (SO2, CO, visibility, etc.) into
a single number or set of numbers. The
concept of air quality monitoring
programme was started only in 1984 and
no significant efforts has been developed
to use AQI in India. However increasing
air quality tension in India has prompted
the researcher to focus on AQI monitoring
program. Institute of Tropical Meteorology
(IITM) Pune has developed an AQI, which
provides sub-index for PM10, PM2.5, O3,
NO2, and CO and describes air quality
status in terms of very unhealthy, very
poor, poor (unhealthy for sensitive
groups), moderate and good. In 2009
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
revised the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards for 12 parameters (PM10,
PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, O3, NH3, Pb, Ni,
As, Benzo(a)pyrene, and Benzene). The
selection of parameters primarily depends
on AQI objectives: data availability,
averaging period, monitoring frequency,
and measurement methods. Multiple
agencies propose AQI schemes which
provide varying air quality assessments,
e.g. air quality may be termed as ‘good’ by
one scheme and ‘poor’ by the other which
is sometimes very confusing to general
public. CPCB and the Ministry of
Environment and Forests (MoEF) have
instigated the National Air Quality Index
project to emphasize the air quality
information dissemination system for mass
awareness and their participation in
environment pollution management.
The main solo of the AQI monitoring
program is to inform citizens about
associated health impacts of air pollution
exposure and also prioritize the
cities/towns on the measure of AQ. AQI
also assist in data interpretation and
decision making processes related to
International Journal of
Environmental Planning
and DevelopmentIJEPD
JAN - JUNE 2016
Mechanical Engineering
Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering
Architecture
Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E,Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India
E-mail: [email protected]
¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications
¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering
and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and
Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and
Automation
« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging
Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog
Signals
« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning
« International Journal of Architecture and InfrastructurePlanning
« International Journal of Rural and Regional PlanningDevelopment
« International Journal of Town Planning and Management
Applied Mechanics
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Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms
Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology
« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences
Physics
« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization
« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial
Pollution
Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and
Planning
Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication
Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and
Circuits
Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical
Engineering
Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular
Engineering
« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour
« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing
« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamicsand Analysis
« International Journal of Fracture and damageMechanics
« International Journal of Structural Mechanicsand Finite Elements
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Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and
Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and
Applications3 more...
Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing
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