Upload
mfauvel
View
1.016
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Musical SavantsHow is Form and Structure used in the arts?
Human Ingenuity
Let’s start at the very beginning ...
What do YOU already know about Western Music?
Brainstorm your ideas.
Compare your brainstorm with a neighbour. How does your knowledge differ?
What do YOU think?
List five adjectives to describe Western Art Music.
Who do you think Western Art Music appeals to and why?
How has Western Art Music influenced musicians in the past and today?
Do you agree that Western Art Music has a place in our community now and in the future? Why/why not.
Timeline
1250450
1050
2050850
650 1450
1650
1850
Middle Ages Baroque
Renaissance Classical
Romantic
Where would you put the following words on the timeline?RENAISSANCE ROMANTIC BAROQUE MIDDLE AGES CLASSICAL
Why?What do you already know about these
eras?
The Middle Ages
Context
“Life in the Middle Ages”
Church was central to Medieval life
division between social classes : nobles/peasants/clergy
one Hundred years war and the plague (mid 1300’s)
Monastry monopolised education
Musical characteristicsListen to the following musical extracts:
“O Successors” - Hildegard of BingenDescribe what you hear in the following musical elements:
1. MELODY2.TEXTURE3.STRUCTURE
ElementsVocal music (church frowned upon instruments - seen as pagan).
GREGORIAN CHANT
flexible rhythm
melody moves by step
church modes used
SECULAR MUSIC
music outside the church
instrumental - pipes, fiddles, drums.
love songs and dances
Monophonic - later homophonic
Your TurnCompose a single melody line for the words “Alleluia”. Use a church mode of your choice.
Think about the characteristics of Gregorian Chant.
Renaissance
Context
A rebirth of human creativity
Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Shakespeare.
Catholic church was far less powerful - church didn’t monopolise learning and education became a status symbol.
Invention of printing
Characteristics
Listen to the following musical extracts:
“Pope Marcellus” Mass - PalestrinaDescribe what you hear in the following musical elements:
1. MELODY2.TEXTURE3.STRUCTURE
CharacteristicsListen to the following musical extracts:
“Now is the month of Maying” - Thomas MorleyDescribe what you hear in the following musical elements:
1. MELODY2.TEXTURE3.STRUCTURE
ElementsVocal music still important - close relationship between words and music
mainly polyphonic with imitation common between parts
bass register used
gentle flowing rhythm
melodies easy to sing with a few leaps
SECULAR MUSIC
vocal music became popular
solo voices or voice with accompaniment
Madrigal: combination of homophonic and polyphonic texture
Baroque
ContextBaroque = action, movement, bizarre, flamboyant, elaborate
European rulers surrounded themselves in luxury while the rest of the population struggled to survive.
Religious institutions shaped the Baroque style, using theatrical and emotional qualities of art to make worship attractive.
Scientific advances and inventions.
Music in Society
Music written to meet specific demands that came from the church and courts.
The size of the musical staff depended on a courts’ wealth. Music directors supervised
Church music was grand (organ, choir
Characteristics
Listen to the following musical extracts:
“La Primavera” from the Four Seasons - VivaldiDescribe what you hear in the following musical elements:
1. MELODY2.TEXTURE3.STRUCTURE
ELEMENTSExpresses one basic mood
Continuous rhythms. Repetition. Provides drive and energy
Melodic ideas repeated at different pitches. EXPANSION
Terraced dynamics or a constant volume.
Mainly polyphonic as 2 or more melodic lines compete for the listeners attention.
Emphasis on chords and Basso Continuo
Music depicted the meaning of certain words
Classical Era
ContextNew style of architecture, literature, art.
Newton’s philosophies in science = clarity in structure (reflected throughout society)
Changes in social structure meant that nobility was the main supporter of music.
The availability and quality of musicians altered - simple parts / limited rehearsal time.
Characteristics
Listen to the following musical extracts:
Haydn, Symphony No. 4 in G Major (1791)
Beethoven, Piano Sonata in C Minor, Op. 13 (1798)
Describe what you hear in the following musical elements:
1. MELODY2.TEXTURE3.STRUCTURE
Elements
contrasting mood and variety were emphasised in music.
Greater emotional range.
flexible rhythm: pauses, syncopations, and changes from long to short notes.
usually homophonic
tuneful melodies that are easy to remember.
Balance and symmetry important in melodic phrases.
widespread use of gradual dynamic changes.
TrendsEnd of figured bass
The Classical Orchestra (standardised)
compositions consisted of four movements (symphonies, quartets, some sonatas).
The Classical symphony: extended composition (over 20 minutes). Covers a wide range of tone colour and dynamics in 4 movements
Chamber music: imitate the setting of a room. 2 to 9 musicians (string quartet important)
Concerto: three movement work for an instrumental soloist and orchestra.
Haydn, Beethoven, Mozart.
Mix ‘n’ Match
Place each musical form in a suitable muscial era.
Choose from: Medieval Renaissance Baroque Classical
Great Classical Composers
What words can you think of to associate with the following people:
Joseph Haydn
Wolfgang Amedeus Mozart
Ludwig Van Beethoven
Read through the fact sheets and decide on 5 important ideas, facts, or works that best represent each person. Put them into your DW’s.
Romantic Era
ContextThe romantic movement stressed emotion, individuality and imagination.
Writers were drawn towards fantasy and rebelled against time-honored conventions of their elders.
Romanticism coincided with the industrial revolution which caused many social and economic changes.
Nationalism was an important political movement that influenced music.
Composers became ‘free artists’.
Characteristics
Listen to the following musical extracts:
Chopin, Nocturne in Eb Major, Op. 9, No. 2 (1830-1831)
Describe what you hear in the following musical elements:
1. MELODY2.TEXTURE3.STRUCTURE
Elementsindividuality of style - music that reflected the composers personalities.
Subjects of nature popular.
Melancholy, rapture, longing, intimacy, romantic love, and fantasy are some of the many emotions covered in romantic music.
Program music.
Expressive tone colour (advances in technology)
colourful new harmonies - chromatic chords and dissonance.
rapid modulation and a wide variety of keys.
Expanded range of dynamic, pitch and tempo
tiny and HUGE musical works.
Trends
Art song - strophic form (repeated musical material for each verse) OR through composed (different musical material)
Program music
Lots of composers!
The Russian five