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Thunderstorm
is a localized storm
which is
accompanied
with lightning and
thunder and often
brings heavy
rainfall,
hail as well as
strong
gusty winds.
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12,000 m
9,000 m
6,000 m
3,000 m
• Typical thunderstorm
is 5 km. in diameter
• Lasts an average of
30 minutes; although
some may last longer.
• All thunderstorms are
dangerous!!!
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Air mass - Results from surface heating
Considered self-destructive
The Two Types of Thunderstorms
Steady State- associated with weather systems
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Moisture - to form clouds and rain
The Thunderstorm Recipe
Unstable air - warm air that can rise rapidly
Lift - to form clouds and rain caused by cold or
warm fronts, sea breezes, mountains, or the
sun’s heat
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DEVELOPING STAGE MATURE STAGE DISSIPATING STAGE
The Thunderstorm Life Cycle
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Thunderstorm Warning Levels:
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Thunderstorm Warning Levels:
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PAGASA Thunderstorm Warning Levels:
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Thunderstorm Warning Levels:
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Thunderstorm Warning Levels:
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Thunderstorm
Warning
Thunderstorm is
threatening a specific
area within the next 2
hours.
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Heavy Rainfall
Lightning/Thunder
Tornado
Hail
Microburst
Thunderstorms can produce dangerous
weather conditions:
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Hazards Associated by TSTM:
1) Heavy Rainfall
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Payatas Tragedy
Cherry Hill
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Hazards Associated by TSTM: 2) Lightning and thunder
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Hazards Associated by TSTM: 2) Lightning and thunder
The giant spark of electricity
in lightning makes the air very
hot. When the air bumps into
the cooler air around it, this
causes a cracking sound. This
is called thunder.
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HOW THUNDER OCCURS 2/13/2014 10:05:56 AM
Rapid
expansion/
contraction
of the air
causes
thunder
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What
Causes
Lightning
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STEPPED LEADER
STEPPED LEADER
AND
STREAMER
UNITES
STREAMERS
THE LIGHTNING BOLT!
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T-STORM DANGER
Lightning may
extend out to 4 kms.
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5 Ways Lightning Strike People
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5 Ways Lightning Strike People
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5 Ways Lightning Strike People
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5 Ways Lightning Strike People
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5 Ways Lightning Strike People
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5 Ways Lightning Strike People
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Impacts of Lightning
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Go inside a home or large building, if you can.
Avoid using electrical appliances such as cp’s, telephones, computers, or television sets.
If stuck outside, do not take shelter under a tall, isolated tree.
Stay away from bodies of water.
If you are trapped in an open field and you feel your hair stand on end, lightning is about to strike. Do not lie flat on the ground.
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IF THERE IS NO SHELTER AND YOU ARE
CAUGHT IN A THUNDERSTORM . . .
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IF THERE IS NO SHELTER AND YOU ARE
CAUGHT IN A THUNDERSTORM . . .
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3) Tornado - is a localized windstorm characterized
by a visible funnel-shaped, rapidly whirling cloud that
extends from the base of a dark –cumulonimbus cloud.
• Whirling winds are estimated to exceed 450 km/hr and may last for a few
minutes
• Can strike at any time of the day and can leave a mark of destruction.
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What are the signs of impending Tornado?
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HOW
TORNADOES
FORM
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Formation of Tornadoes
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Historical Tornado
Occurrences in the
Philippines (1994-2005)
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UNROOFED HOUSES WITH TOTALLY DAMAGED
HIGH RISK HOUSES UNROOFED SCHOOL BUILDING CAUSED BY
STRONG WINDS OF THE TORNADO SCHOOL BUILDING SLASHED INTO HALF
BY THE TORNADO
DAMAGES DUE TO TORNADO
OCCURRENCE OVER KALIBO CITY
(August 15, 1998)
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A waterspout is just a weak tornado that forms over water.
What is a waterspout?
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What is a waterspout?
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A waterspout is just a weak tornado that forms over water.
What is a waterspout?
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Fair Weather Water Spout
Tornadic Water Spout
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What is a waterspout?
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What is a waterspout?
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What is a waterspout?
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4) Hail Chunks of ICE from the sky
Hazards Associated by TSTM:
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4) Hail
Hazards Associated by TSTM:
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small balls of ice and
hardened snow that
fall like rain
Hailstorm
A storm that includes
the downpour of hail.
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Hail Formation
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Hazards Associated by TSTM:
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MICROBURST
A microburst
is a very localized
column of sinking
air, producing
damaging
divergent and
straight-line winds
at the surface.
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MICROBURST
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![The Error is the Feature: How to Forecast Lightning using ...and CellMOS [14] try to detect thunderstorm cells and predict their movement. Lightning detection systems such as LINET](https://img.pdfslide.net/doc/110x75/5ecad127598f8628467420dc/the-error-is-the-feature-how-to-forecast-lightning-using-and-cellmos-14-try.jpg)
