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Living Organisms:
Structure and Function
The Big Question
What is the relationship between the structure and function of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems in an organism?
Living OrganismsStructure and Function
A group of cells working together to perform a specific function form
TISSUES
A group of tissues working together to perform a specific function form
ORGANS
A group of organs working together to perform a specific function form
ORGAN SYSTEMS
A group of organ systems working together to maintain a stable, internal environment form
ORGANISMS
Tissues
A group of similar cells working together form tissues.
Tissues are more complex than cells. Types of tissues are:
Epithelial (skin, hair, fingernails) Connective (bone, blood, cartilage) Nerve
(brain, spinal cord, nerves) Muscle (limbs, heart, stomach)
Structure and Function in Epithelial Tissue
StructureCells in epithelial tissue are tightly packed together.
Epithelial tissue covers all body surfaces, lines body cavities and hollow organs.
FunctionProtection, secretion, absorption, excretion, and sensory reception.
How Do You Think the Structure of Epithelial Tissue
Contributes to the Function?
Structure and Function in Connective Tissue
Structure Cells in connective tissue can be: hard and spongy (bone) small, flexible and rounded (blood) smooth & slippery (cartilage) stringy &elastic (ligaments/tendons) Function Support, cushion and protect body and organs
Transport substances
Connect 1 tissue to another
How Do You Think the Structure of Connective
Tissue Contributes to the Function?
Structure and Function in Muscle Tissue
Structure: Skeletal muscle fibers are cylindrical and striated – voluntary
(arms, legs) Cardiac muscle fibers are branched and striated – involuntary
(heart) Smooth muscle fibers are spindle shaped and non-striated –
involuntary
(stomach)
Function Muscle tissue is composed of cells that have the special ability to
shorten or contract in order to produce movement of the parts of the body.
How Do You Think the Structure of Muscle
Tissue Contributes to the Function?
Structure and Function in Nerve Tissue
Structure Elongated cells with branches at the ends
Found in brain, spinal cord and nerves
Function To deliver a message to the next nerve cell in order to
transmit information across the body Responsible for coordinating and controlling many body
activities Messages delivered by electrical impulses
How Do You Think the Structure of Nerve
Tissue Contributes to the Function?
Organs Two or more tissues working together form an organ Organs are more complex than tissues. Examples of Organs
Heart
Stomach
Lungs
Structure and Function in the Heart
StructureMade of cardiac muscle Contains 4 chambers and 2 one-way valvesOxygen poor blood enters the right side of the heart, oxygen rich blood leaves the left side of the heart
FunctionTo pump blood throughout the body
How Do You Think the Structure of the Heart
Contributes to the Function?
Structure and Function in the Stomach
Structure Made of layers of smooth muscle Hollow organ that connect to the esophagus and to the small intestine Valves at each connection
Function To process and transport food
How Do You Think the Structure of the Stomach
Contributes to the Function?
Structure and Function in the Lungs
Structure Made of 2 spongy lobes Made of increasingly smaller branches off the trachea, ending in small, thin air sacs called alveoli
Function Responsible for the exchange of O2 and CO2
How Do You Think the Structure of the Lungs
Contributes to the Function?
Organ Systems Organs that work together form an organ system. Organ systems are the most complex. An organ system perform complex functions for the
organism. There are 11 organ systems in the human body – Can you
name them?
Organ Systems
IntegumentaryIncludes skin, hair and nails
MuscularIncludes all the muscles throughout your body
Skeletal Includes bones and connective tissue
CardiovascularIncludes heart, blood and blood vessels
RespiratoryIncludes nose, throat, lungs and passageways
UrinaryIncludes kidneys and bladder
Reproductive Includes ovaries, uterus, and testes
NervousIncludes brain, spinal cord and nerves
DigestiveIncludes salivary glands, esophagus,stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, intestines
LymphaticIncludes thymus gland, spleen, bonemarrow, tonsils, lymph nodes andlymph vessels
Endocrine Includes pancreas, thyroid, ovaries, testes
and adrenal gland
The 11 organ systems in the human body are
Organ Systems
Choose an organ system and explain how you think the structure contributes to its function
What is the relationship between the structure and function of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems in an organism?
The question again? (repetition is good!)
What is the relationship between the structure and function of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems in an organism?
The Big Answer!
Organism
Organ Systems
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Any Questions