PASTORAL LAND MANAGEMENT OPTIONS IN THE SAHEL: THE CONSEQUENT CLIMATE FORCINGS

ZIPPORAH MUSYIMI

SUPERVISION BY

Prof. Dr. T. Uddelhoven (University Trier) Dr. L. Zida (INERA) Dr. J. de Leeuw (ILRI)

INTRODUCTION

•BACKGROUND •HYPOTHESIS

•REASERCH QUESTIONS •OBJECTIVES

METTHODOLOGY

OUTLINE

•DESCIPTION OF THE STUDY SITE

•DESCRIPTION OF THE METHODS

Introduction –Background

Pastoral sytems in African drylands

Pastoral sytems Future resilience –Uncertain due to climate change effects

Way foward – Livelihood diverification options --Mitigation options

????- Managing land for carbon credits (Geochemical) may upset the cooling effects due to warming due to changes in physical land characteristics of land surface (Geophysical)

CARBON CREDITS

Study Relevance – Could the pastorlists benefit from Payment of Environmental Sercives (PAYES) opting for management which mitigate climate?

Research questions • What are the impacts of land management on Above ground carbon stock ?

•What impact do land management options have on surface albedo?

•What is the net Radiative forcing of pastoral land management options considering both the geochemical and geophysical factors? •What are the land dynamics with within 20 years and their implications on SC and Albedo

Hypothesis Hypothesis 1 : Land management have significant impacts on both the geochemical and geophysical climate Forcing Hypothesis 2: Land cover changes influence the both below ground carbon storage and the surface albedo

Aim: Develop a framework for assessment of the climatic forcing consequent of different land management by integrating two lines of evidence: Geophysical and Geochemical

Introduction –Aim, Hypothesis, Research questions

Objectives 1.Assess the impact of land management options on the geochemical climate Forcing (carbon sequestration) (RQ1)

2.Assess the impact of pastoral land management options on the Geophysical forcing (Surface Albedo) –(RQ2)

3.Estimate the net climate forcing consequent from the land management options (Considering Geochemical and Geophyical Factors) (RQ3)

4.Assess land cover changes within 20 year time step and estimate the consequent climatic forcing considering both the biophysical and biochemical aspects (RQ4)

Methods: Description of the study area

Methods: Description of the study site Laba Tiogo

Methods: Description of Land management options

Methods: Description of the experimental design

Grazing Fire Selective cutting Number of plots of (50X50)

Grazing No Grazing

No Fire Annual early fire No fire Annual early fire

No Cutting Selective cutting No Cutting Selective cutting No Cutting Selective cutting No Cutting Selective cutting No Cutting Selective cutting

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Methods: Description of the study area- experimental layout- Tiogo and Laba

Characteristics Data sets

Albedo and above ground carbon estimation

Land cover changes

Sensor Geo- eye

Spot 4 and 5

Spatial resolution

0.5 m 20km

Temporal subset 3/11/2010, 3/21/2011

21/06/1987, 21/06/1998, 21/06/2009

Projection WGS84

WGS84

Methods: Description of the Remote sensing data

Image Processing

•Atmospheric corrections •Pansharpening

Ready image for analysis

Above ground Carbon stock (AGC)

Above Ground carbon estimation (Field data)

•Calculate Above Ground Biomas •Calculate Above ground Stock

Image Analysis

•Object oriented analysis •Validation

Tree Crowns/species

Spatial Modelling

• Develop a model – Crown Projection Area(CPA) and AGC

•Apply the model to the Image

ABOVE GROUND CARBON MAP

Methods: Estimation of above ground Carbon – Objective 1

•The change in Radiative Forcing for a square meter of ground RM can be calculated as follows Where C =Background atmospheric carbondioxide concentration ∆C = Change in the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations attributed to Land management . 86400= is the number of seconds in a day. 5.35 =Converts units of carbon dioxide to radiative forcing.

A change in carbon stock needs to be converted to the corresponding concentration change in the atmosphere

Methods: Radiative Forcings of carbon storage (based on Kirschbaum et al 2011)

Considering that 1 ppm in carbon dioxide concentration corresponds to 2.123 GtC: Thus

The total radiative forcing over a year and for the Earth surface as a whole can be calculated as

510x10 12m2 = Surface of the Earth, 365= Number of days in a year. With an atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration of 390ppm and for the earth as a whole the earth the Radiative Forcing of removal of I tonne carbon can be calculated as

Methods: Radiative Forcings of carbon storage (based on Kirschbaum et al 2011)

Image-Rainy season

•Atmospheric corrections

Ready image for analysis

Image Analysis

•Extraction of surface Albedo using ATCORE software

Albedo (Wet season)

Image Processing

• Atmospehericcorrections

Ready image for analysis

Image Analysis

•Extraction of surface Albedo using ATCORE software

Albedo (Dry seson)

Methods: Estimation of surface albedo– Objective 2

Image Processing Image-Dry season

The change in Radiative Forcing due to change in Albedo can be calculated as

= Total daily downward solar radiation

= Difference in Albedo over the short wave spectrum between two different land management options

= The proportion of short wave radiation absorbed by the atmosphere (~20%)

The difference in Radiative Forcing for 50 m2 over a year can be calculated as

2500= Number of square metres of the experimental site

Methods: Radiative Forcings of Surface Albedo (based on Kirschbaum et al 2011)

Methods: Land cover /Use changes and impact on soil carbon-Objective 4

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