Political Institution

Chapter 22

Liaqat Hussain

Political Institution Introduction

Political Institution is universal in all the societies of the world. To maintain law and order in society, a political government is required

Political Institution Definition

“Distribution system of power and authority which is used to maintain social order is called political institution.” JohnJ.Maccionis: “Politics or polity is the social institution that distributes power, sets a society’s agenda and makes decisions.”Marg orie Hogan: “Political Institution is a complex of social norms and rules that serves to maintain social order to exercise power to compel conformity to the existing system of authority and to provide the means for changes in the legal or administrative System.”

Political Institution The State

Iman Ghazali: “a state comes into being when the people get into conflicts and there is need of a law, of a judge and a ruler to enforce the whole system,”

Gillin and Gillin: “the state is the sovereign political organization of the individuals occupying a definite territory.”:

Political Institution Elements of state

1. An independent political organization,2. A number of people loving there in , and3. A fixed geographical area.

Political Institution Functions if state and Government

1. Institutionalization of Norms2. The Decision of Conflicts3. The Enforcement of Norms4. The Defence of the Society

Political Institution State and Citizen Relationship

1. Right to vote freely,2. Right to move freely within the state,3. Right to express opinion verbally and through press,4. Right to marry,5. Right to seek education and profession, 6. Right of religion,7. Right of facilities in treatent and transportation8. Right of housing 9. Right of security 10. Right of defense against

Political Institution Rights and duties of citizens

1. Right of recruiting in military forces /Police2. Right of making and breaking social relations with

other state 3. Right to declare war or make peace with other states,4. Right to levying taxes on people,5. Right of making laws, and enforcing them,6. Right of punishing those who violate laws of the state,7. Right of obedience to the norms of the state, 8. Right of cooperation with the policies of the State by the citizens, and others.

Political Institution Social Functions of Political Institution

1. To regulate relationship 2. Welfare works3. Defense against foreign danger 4. To create social control 5. Elections 6. Legislations 7. Implementation of law8. International relations 9. Evaluation of other institutions

Political Institution law

1. The civil law2. The laws of positive morality, and3. The law of Nations of the international law.

Political Institution The function of Law

1. Social Order 2. Right and duties 3. Cooperation 4. Authority 5. Morality