Disaster Deaths Cost of Damage

Urban / rural Level of Analysis

1923 Tokyo Earthquake

105,000 $1 billion Highly populated urban area

39 neighborhoods in Tokyo from 1922 to 1933

1995 Kobe Earthquake

6,800 $100 billion

Highly populated urban area

9 wards in Kobe from 1991 to 2006

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

130,000 (in India alone)

$4.5 billion

Primarily rural, coastal fishing villages

41 villages, 1,600 respondents in state of Tamil Nadu

2005 Hurricane Katrina

1,800 $150 billion

Mixed urban area

114 zip codes in New Orleans

Social infrastructure - not wealth, governance, pop. density, etc. - is most critical in recovery

New theoretical and empirical approach to studying disaster

Suggests new policy approaches for decision makers and NGOs

-.05

0.0

5.1

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Po

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Gro

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Low levels of social capital High levels of social capital

Chi-squared value: .001

-.02

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2.0

4.0

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50 60 70 80Voter Turn Out (Percentage)

Data from Katsuji 2001: 231

Nagata A Before Fukushima B before

Population 191 180

Average age 51.1 50.6

# Households 73 64

Household age 62.4 59.2

Average Household Income

442 man 402.8 man

Number of Years in the Community

32.3 43.4

% born in the community

9.2 71.9

% Renting 34.7 15.9

% Working 64.6 69.8

100000

105000

110000

115000

120000

160000

180000

200000

220000

100000

110000

120000

130000

200000

210000

220000

230000

240000

90000

100000

110000

120000

130000

80000

100000

120000

140000

150000

200000

250000

170000

175000

180000

185000

190000

220000

225000

230000

235000

240000

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Chuo-ku Higashinada-ku Hyogo-ku

Kita-ku Nada-ku Nagata-ku

Nishi-ku Suma-ku Tarumi-ku

Pop

ula

tion

Year

0.0

1.0

2.0

3P

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0 .0001 .0002 .0003Lagged Number of NPOs Created per Capita