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"Xenophobia and Contact: European Attitudes toward Immigrants," presentation by Prof. Set Jolly of Syracuse University, Sept. 13, 2013, at the FedEx Global Education Center, UNC-Chapel Hill. Produced by the UNC Center for European Studies. CES video channel: http://youtube.com/UNCEurope More CES events: http://europe.unc.edu/events/ces-series TransAtlantic Masters Program: http://europe.unc.edu/tam
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Xenophobia and Contact: European Attitudes toward Immigrants
Seth JollySyracuse University
Friday the 13th2013
A Changed Europe
Switzerland’s SVP
Boiling Points
Motivating Questions
• Racial Attitudes/Xenophobia
• Demographic change
• Economic threat
Contact Theory
Intergroup contact ➔ peaceful relations & reduced animosity
US White Attitudes toward Black Soldiers
0
15
30
45
60
Disli
ke in
tegr
atio
n
No black soldiers in platoonBlack solders in division, not same regimentBlack soldiers in same regiment, not companyBlack soldiers in company
Group Threat
• If perceived group threat
• contact ➔ antipathy
Mixed Empirical Results
• Radical Right support and foreign-born population.
• Cross-national studies of xenophobia
Hypothesis: Following the contact theory (threat theory), as local immigrant populations increase, xenophobic or racist attitudes will decrease (increase).
Data• Three datasets
• 2002 French National Election Study (FNES)
• 1999 French census• Eurostat REGIO database
• Unit of Analysis
• Individuals nested in departments
Xenophobia scale
Xenophobia[4.96,7.53](7.53,8.555](8.555,9.2](9.2,10.69]No data
Sources: French electoral panel, 2002 & INSEE Recensement de la population, 1999
Independent Variables• Individual
• Ideology• Party cue• SES• Perceptions of economic threat
• Department
• Unemployment rate• Foreign-born population
Immigration
Foreign share[.61,1.77](1.77,3.38](3.38,4.56](4.56,6](6,18.72]
Source: INSEE Recensement de la population, 1999
Patterns
Xenophobia Foreign Population
Xenophobia[4.96,7.53](7.53,8.555](8.555,9.2](9.2,10.69]No data
Sources: French electoral panel, 2002 & INSEE Recensement de la population, 1999
Foreign share[.61,1.77](1.77,3.38](3.38,4.56](4.56,6](6,18.72]
Source: INSEE Recensement de la population, 1999
HLM. XenophobiaExplanatory Variable Coe!cientCoe!cientL/R Ideology 0.50 ***Party Cue 1.13Muslim -3.10 **Education > High School -2.13 **Foreign Pop Share, Dept -0.09 **Unemployment Rate, Dept 0.06Additional controls, random e"ects includedAdditional controls, random e"ects includedAdditional controls, random e"ects included
N = 3,226 N(Groups) = 78 N = 3,226 N(Groups) = 78 N = 3,226 N(Groups) = 78
E!ect of foreign population
5
6
7
8
9
10
Pred
icted
val
ues f
or x
enop
hobi
a
5 10 150 20Department foreign population share
United in Diversity
Discussion
• In France, higher numbers of foreign-born population ≈ less xenophobia
• Public attitudes matter
• Need to extend to more countries
