Taxonomy & Classification

TAXONOMY & CLASSIFICATION

Taxonomy, science of classifying organisms.Classification, in biology, identification, naming, grouping of organisms into a formal system based on similarities such as internal and external anatomy, physiological functions, genetic makeup and evolutionary history.

The major categories in classification are Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus and Species.

In addition to classifying the organisms also scientists give it a scientific name.

The scientific name composed of two parts (genus and species ) separated by normal space. Always the genus begins with capital letter and species with small letter .

When it written by hand you have to underline it, and make it italic if typed .

Such as Drosophila melanogaster (when it write by hand).

Drosophila melanogaster (when it typed).

The major categories in the old classification were

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus

and Species.

The major kingdoms were: Monera, Protista,

Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

OLD CLASSIFICATION

NEW CLASSIFICATION

The major categories in new classification are

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order,

Family, Genus and Species.

How to write these categories Domain

KingdomPhylum

Class Order

Family Genus

Species

Domains

Living organisms are divided into three major Domains including Bacteria, Archaea, and  Eukarya.

Each domin further subdivided into separate Kingdoms.

Domain:  Archaea

Kingdom : Archaea (Archaeabacteria) Unicellular. Prokaryotes. Living in extreme environment (high

temperature, acidic or deep areas). Examples :-

Halobacteria sp.

Archaebacteria

Domain: Bacteria

Kingdom: Bacteria (Eubacteria). Unicellular. Prokaryotes. Found in wide range of habitats on earth.

Examples :- Bacteria. Cyanobacteria.

Eubacteria

Domain:  Eukarya

Kingdom :Protista.

Kingdom :Fungi.

Kingdom :Plantae.

Kingdom :Animalia.

Kingdom: Protista

Eukaryotes. Unicellular. Heterotrophic (animal like protista),

autotrophic (plant like protista). Examples:-

protozoa (Euglena sp., Paramecium sp., Ameoba sp. and algae).

Protista

Euglena sp

Paramecium sp.Ameoba sp Algae

Trypanosome sp.

Kingdom Fungi

Eukaryotes. Heterotrophic nutrition. Rigid cell walls made of chitin. Multicellular . Examples:-

Bread mould ,Penicillium ,yeast and mushroom.

Fungi

Kingdom Plantae

Eukaryotes.

Multicellular.

Autotrophic.

e.g. all higher plants.

Classification of kingdom Plantae:

Classified into two major groups:

1 -Non- vascular plants:have no system for transporting water or nutrients (e.g. mosses) .

2 -Vascular plants:have a system through which they can transport water and nutrient throughout the plant. This allowed the plants to be taller and live further from water .

Plants

Kingdom Animalia

Eukaryotes.

Multicellular.

Heterotrophic nutrition.

e.g. all animal groups.

Classification of Kingdom Animalia

The two major groups within the animal kingdom are invertebrates and vertebrates.

1- The invertebrates:The invertebrates include animals that have no backbone. Examples: sponges, worms, starfish, jellyfish, clams, and lobsters.

2- The vertebrates: These are animals that do possess a backbone. Examples: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

Animalia