Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Teaching the skills of argumentation…
Not a fad…
A good idea…
For a long time…
Exercising LogicTHE ROLE OF LOGOS, ETHOS, PATHOS
Rhetorical Modes Logos
◦ Reasoning◦ Evidence
Ethos◦ Credibility◦ Honesty
Pathos◦ Emotion◦ Empathy
Advertising: Logos, ethos, or pathos?
Advertising: Logos, ethos, or pathos?
Advertising: Logos, ethos, or pathos?
Political Ads (More fine examples of the use of pathos!)
YouTube Videos to use with students: The Logical Fallacy Project tinyurl.com/m285fy7 Five Fallacies by PBS tinyurl.com/p2wtg8m
Understanding ClaimsCLAIMS, OPINION, AND LOGICAL FALLACIES
Claims and Non-Claims Claim
◦ A position◦ Debatable
Opinion◦ A personal view◦ Not necessarily based on fact
Logical fallacy◦ An error in reasoning◦ Illegitimate or irrelevant
Is it a claim, an opinion, a logical fallacy, or something else?
Types of Claims Fact or definition
◦ What many people refer to as global warming or climate change is actually nothing more than the repetition of natural cycles that have occurred for eons.
Value, judgment, or worth◦ Climate change is the most serious issue facing the world today.
Cause and effect◦ Human actions are the forces behind much of the climate change in the past
century.
Policy or solution◦ The governments of the world should spend more time, energy, and money on
finding sources of renewable energy in order to slow the rate of climate change.
1. Driving hybrid cars is an effective way to reduce pollution.2. If the government were to ban gas-guzzling cars, they would eventually
ban air travel as well.3. The show “Whale Wars” is my favorite reality show.4. The show “Whale Wars” should not be on TV because the crew on the
show is a bunch of unlawful hippies.5. Watching reality shows is a waste of an intelligent person’s time and
energy.6. Raising the federal minimum wage would be beneficial for both workers
and business owners.7. People who don’t support the increase in the federal minimum wage
have contempt for the poor.8. If I had to work three minimum wage jobs to support my family, I
would.9. The use of plastic grocery bags should be minimized in order to better
protect our planet.
Logical Fallacies A great site for students - yourlogicalfallacyis.com
A great site for adults - tinyurl.com/pa4z7xo (University of Idaho professor’s site)
Ideas for the ClassroomMIDDLE AND HIGH SCHOOL
Talk Protocol1. Name or set up the argument.
2. Gather evidence for both sides of the argument. (Read/listen/take notes)
3. Select your position.
4. Face an opponent. Explain your position.
5. Provide/receive feedback.
6. Meet with your team (same position) to plan rebuttal.
7. Face an opponent again. Provide rebuttal.
8. Prepare next steps. ◦ Writing◦ Presentation◦ Class debate
Play the Evidence GameThe teacher presents a position.The teacher provides evidence for both sides.Have students “vote with their feet” to take/change positions or to show how strongly they agree/disagree.
Let’s play the evidence game…
Potbellied pigs make good family pets.
Evidence They bond easily with humans. They can live to be 20 years old. They are generally hypoallergenic. You can train a pig to walk on a leash. They are highly trainable and learn at a faster rate than dogs. The pig’s brain is only slightly less developed than a dolphin’s. They are very susceptible to heat and stress. They are physically incapable of sweating.
Other Ideas
What are your next steps?
Click icon to add picture
What are your next steps?
