PES/ENG/XI/047

This is Master Version file. (Frozen)

Word count 2379

A PUNJAB EDUSAT SOCIETY PRODUCTION

Subject : EnglishClass : XIModule : Voices I

MM 1(Visual or create a boy of 6-7 yrs. old)

A boy looking at mangoes with a smiling face

VO1

Ram likes mangoes. Mangoes are liked by Ram.

These two sentences have the same meaning, yet they are not quite the same. How do they differ?

ANCHOR 1

Today we will see how in spite of conveying the same meaning, how two sentences are different only because of the action or non-action of their SUBJECTS.pZfuU nZi n;hA t/yKr/ fe d' nbZr nbZr tkeK ftZu, fiBQK dk Gkt fJe' fijk j[zdk j?, eosk dk ;EkB pdbD Bkb, T[; T[s/ g? fojk, fefonk dk gqGkt pdb iKdk j?. go tke dk ;w[Zuk noE BjhI pdbdk.

Ram likes mangoes. Mangoes are liked by Ram.

In the first sentence, Ram, the subject is doing some action i.e. likes, on the object mangoes.gfjb/ tke ftu okw eosk j? i' fe e'Jh fefonk eodk j?, Gkt g;zd eoBk. fJ; fefonk dk gqGkt eow Gkt mangoes s/ iKdk j? .

But in second sentence , The subject ie. Mangoes, is not doing any work.

go d{i/ tke ftu eosk mangoes j?, go mangoes e'Jh fefonk BjhI eodk.

So the verbs in the above two sentences are in different VOICES.

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fJ; bJh T[go'es d'jK tkeK ftu eosk Bkb fefonk dk ;pzX nbZr nbZr j?, go fco th tkeK dk ;w[Zuk noE T[jh ofjzdk j?.

VO (for LOs )

Learning Objectives

Upon completion of the module, you will be able to: Recognize the two voices in which a verb works. Recall the names of the two voices. Identify the voices in a sentence. Explain the uses of the voices.

ANCHOR 2Introduction

Often we call a person ACTIVE when he is doing some work and PASSIVE when he does no work or there is no movement.

So it is with VERBS also.

When the subject of a sentence is doing any work then the verb is said to be in ACTIVE VOICE.

id'A fe;/ tke dk eosk, fe;/ fefonk Bz{ eo fojk j't/ skA fefonk ikA verb, Active Voice ejkT[Adk j?.

MM 2

(Visual or animation of a fish seller selling fish)VO2

Jack sells fish. Here JACK, which is the SUBJECT of the sentence is doing the action SELL, which is the verb of the sentence.

fJE/ Jack i' fe tke dk eosk j?, t/uD dk fefonk eo fojk j?, i' fe tke dh fefonk j? .

So the verb (and the sentence also) is in ACTIVE VOICE.

fJ; bJh fefonk ikA verb Active Voice ftZu j? .

VO 3

i. (visual or animation of a man who has finished selling fish)ii. ( “ “ “ “ “ “ thinking of selling fish)

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Jack sold all the fish. Jack will sell fish tomorrow.

ANCHOR 3In each of these sentences the subject of the sentence is doing action, in different tenses.

So the verbs in all the sentences are in ACTIVE VOICE.

That is

Mary loves the little lamb. Hari will write the letter soon. Mother has baked a cake. The cat killed two mice.

In all these sentences all the subjects are doing some action and so the sentences and verbs are in ACTIVE VOICE.fJBkQA ;kfonkA tkekA ftZu ;ko/ Subjects ikA eosk e[M Bk e[M fefonk eo oj/ jB. fJ; bJh ;ko/ tke ns/ fefonk Active Voice ftZu jB .

ANCHOR 4

Now let us see the other kind of voice that is where the subject DOES NO ACTION. We will have to follow the sentences carefully.

nkU, j[D eZ[M j'o sokQA dh voice Bz{ t/yhJ/ fi; ftZu eosk e'Jh fefonk BjhA eodk .nkU fJ;Bz{ ;wMD bJh eZ[M tkekA Bz{ tyhJ/ .

Fish is sold by Jack .

ANCHOR 5

In the sentence the subject, that is FISH, is doing NO WORK. Work is done on the subject. The work ie. sell is being done by Jack who is NOT the subject, but is an object.

fJ; tke ftZu eosk i' fe wZSh j?, e'Jh fefonk BjhA eo ojh j? . fefonk, eosk d/ T[go j' ojh j?. t/uD dh fefonk Jack okjhI j' ojh j? i' fe eosk BjhI eow j? .

So the SENTENCE and the VERB are in PASSIVE VOICE.

All the fish was sold by Jack. Fish will be sold by Jack tomorrow.

In each of the sentences shown the subjects are not doing any action. The action is done upon them.

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So the verbs in the sentences are in PASSIVE VOICE.

The kite is being flown by Tom. The lesson had been taught by our teacher. The jewel will be guarded by top security. Our national anthem was composed by Shri Rabindranath Tagore.

Cut to ANCHOR 6

In all the sentences, the subjects are NOT DOING action. The actions in the sentences are done by someone else on the subjects.

dZ;/ rJ/ tkekA ftZu eosk e'Jh th fefonk BjhA eo fojk j?. tkekA ftZu fefonk, eosk d/ T[go fe;/ j'o d/ okjhA j' ojh j? .

So all the SENTENCES and the VERBS are in PASSIVE VOICE.

Let us do a bit of recap before moving on to the next objective.(answers to appear few seconds after the questions)

What are the two kinds of voices used in the English language?A. Active voice and Passive voice.

Which part of a sentence is said to be in either of these two voices i.e. Active or Passive?

A. The verb of a sentence is said to be in either active or passive voice.

When is a verb in Activevoice?A verb is in Active voice when the subject of the sentence is doing the action.

When is a verb in PASSIVE voice?A. A verb is in Paasive voice when the subject is not doing the action and action is

done on it.

Does the meaning of a sentence changes with the change of voice?A. No the meaning remains the same.

ANCHOR 7

But how can we identify the voice, in which a verb is in Active Voice?

Not at all difficult. Let us first tackle ACTIVE voice.

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What happens in ACTIVE voice?

The subject does the action.

Let us then take a sentence where the verb is in ACTIVE voice.

The gardener is watering the plants.

The bold part is the subject, the italicized part is the verb and the underlined is neither subject nor verb. It is called the object.T[ikro ehsk frnk fjZ;k eosk j?, i' fjZ;k JhN?fbe j? T[j fefonk j? ns/ fiBkQA FpdkA j/mkA bkJhB T[bheh rJh j? T[j BkA s/ eosk jB ns/ BkA jh fefonk jB, fJBkQA Bz{ Object $ eow fejk ikAdk j? .

The part in bold is the doer of the part which is in italics. The underlined part is not doing any action.

fijVk fjZ;k w'N/ FpdkA d/ ftZu T[ikro ehsk frnk j? T[j, T[; fjZ;/ dk eosk j? i' JhN?fbe GkFk ftZu fbfynk frnk j? .fijV/ fjZ;/ j/m beho fyZuh rJh j? T[j fjZ;k e'Jh ezw BjhA eo fojk j? .

Cut to ANCHOR 8 So keep in mind when you are to identify a verb in active voice.

Now we will see a verb in PASSIVE voice.

The plants are being watered by the gardener.

Here as before the bold part is the subject, the italicized part is the verb and the underlined is neither subject nor verb. Here it is an agent doing the work on the subject.fJE/ gfjb/ dh sokQA w'N/ FpdkA ftZu T[ikro ehsk frnk fjZ;k eosk j? . i' fjZ;k JhN?fbe j? T[j fefonk j? ns/ fiBkQA FpdkA j/mkA bkJhB T[bheh rJh j? T[j BkA s/ ftFk jB ns/ BkA jh fefonk jB, fJj fJZe agent/object j? fi; T[go fefonk dk gqGkt g? fojk j? .

Now we must learn how to identify the voice in which the verb of a sentence is:

Prema is eating a cake.

Here Prema which is the subject is doing an action ie.eating. So the verb is in ACTIVE VOICE.

So to identify an active voice we need to check that the subject is doing the work in the sentence.

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A cake is being eaten by Prema.

Here cake which is the subject of the sentence is NOT doing the action of eating. Eating is being done on it. So the verb is in PASSIVE VOICE.

Cut to ANCHOR 9

But if the subject is not doing the action, then who is doing it?

In passive voice the action is done by an AGENT.

An apple is eaten by me. Here me is the AGENT who is doing the action on the subject is an apple.

So to identify a passive voice, we need to locate an agent.Also check that the subject is not doing any action.

Let us try out a few exercises

Identify the voice in which a sentence is written:(Ans. to appear a few seconds after the ques.)

Q I have done the task.Ans: Active Voice

Q The students are watching a movie.Ans: Active Voice

Q The match is supervised by the referee.Ans: Passive voice

Q Ravi will write the note tomorrow.Ans: Active voice

Q The lesson was taught by the teacher last week.Ans: Passive voice

Identify the subjects in the following sentences and say if they are doing the action or not:

Q Peter drives a car.

o PETER-subject is doing the action

Q Shalini wrote a story

Ans: SHALINI-subject is doing the action

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Q Rice is cooked by mother everyday.

Ans:RICE-subject is not doing the action

Q Mathew will play cricket from tomorrow.

Ans: MATHEW-subject is doing the action.

Q The book has been read by me.

Ans: BOOK-subject is not doing the action.

Cut to ANCHOR 10

But why are these two voices needed? Is it only for grammar’s sake?Not really. These two voices have their own uses in appropriate time.go fJBkQA d'jkA voices dh io{os feT[ j? < eh fJj f;oc ftnkeoD bJh jh jB < BjhA fJj ;Zu BjhA . fJBkQA d'jkA voices dh ;jh tes s/ nkgDh tos'A j? .

Let us note the up coming sentences.

My mother does all the housework.Here My Mother is the most important part of the sentence.

School rules are to be followed by all.Here School rules is the most prominent part of the sentence.

My purse has been stolen.In this case it is Not known who has done the action.

Cut to ANCHOR 11

So when the doer of an action is the most important part of a sentence, the verb has to be in ACTIVE voice as in the first sentence.pZfuU, id'A fJZe fefonk dk eosk tke dk pj[s wjZstg{oB fjZ;k j't/ skA fefonk Active voice ftZu j't/rh fit/ fe gfjb/ tke ftZu do;kfJnk frnk j? .

In the next sentence the thing on which the action is being done is more prominent than the doer of the action. Such times the verb has to be in PASSIVE voice.nrb/ tke ftZu T[j t;s,{ fi; T[go fefonk ehsh ik ojh j?, fefonk d/ eosk s'A yk; ikA gqw[y j? fJ; bJh fefonk ikA verb, Passive voice j't/rh .

Many a times an action is done on a subject, but the doer is not known as in the third sentence. Then the way to express is to put the verb in PASSIVE voice.

Let us see some more examples.

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The army forced the enemy to surrender.

The accident victims have been removed to the hospital.

The medicines must be taken by the patient.

The surgeon performed the operation successfully.

The child was frightened.

Cut to ANCHOR 12

Next time when you write or say something, decide which is to get the priority, and then use the voice suitably.nrbh tko s' id'A s[;hA eZ[M fbyD ikA p'bD br' skA fJj ftuko eo bt' fe nfjwh:s fe; Bz{ d/Dh j? ns/ T[; fj;kp Bkb Voice dh u'D eo' .

Let us tax our brains a bit on these two voices.

Identify the voices in the following sentences:

(ans.to appear a few seconds after ques.)

Raju watched two films yesterday. Can you guess the answer?

Yes you are right. It is ACTIVE voice.

The school will reward the boy. Answer is ACTIVE voice

The thief has been arrested. Answer is PASSIVE voice.

The programme is organized by our club every year.

Answer is PASSIVE voice

I had written a long essay.

Answer is ACTIVE voice

The man eater was killed.

Answer is PASSIVE voice

Find out the subject in each of the sentences and say if they are doing work or not:

QThe cat killed the mouse.

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Ans THE CAT is doing action

Q Kites are made by the boy.

Ans KITES is not doing action.

Q Gaurav was praised by his father.

Ans GAURAV is not doing action.

Q Edison invented the electric bulb.

Ans EDISON is doing action.

Q We are climbing the cliff.

Ans WE is doing action

Q The lion has been shot by the hunter.

Ans THE LION is not doing action

Cut to ANCHOR 13

Summary

Today we learnt how a sentence can be written in two different ways while keeping the meaning intact.

A verb is said to be in ACTIVE VOICE when the subject is doing the action in the sentence.

A verb is said to be in PASSIVE VOICE when the subject is not doing any action. The work is done on it by an AGENT.

Through this we are also able to identify in which voice a verb is.

Also we have seen when a voice needs to be used. Through the correct voice what we want to convey is clearer to the listener.

Cut to Anchor 14

However there are more about the voices which we shall see in our next lesson. Enough for today. I hope you understood the concept. Thank you for paying attention. See you next time. Bye

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