Advance

Microcontroller

AVRA WORLD INSIDE AN IC

MADE BY

DAKSH RAJ CHOPRA

Rules of Seminar

Students can ask any question

they want to in between the

seminar. (Just Joking :p)

Microcontrollers

A microcontroller (sometimes

abbreviated µC, uC or MCU) is a small

computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory,

and programmable input/output peripherals.

Microcontrollers are used in automatically

controlled products and devices, such as

automobile engine control systems,

implantable medical devices, remote

controls, office machines, appliances, power

tools, toys and other embedded systems.

Microcontroller Basics

CPU –CPU is the device which is employed to

fetch data, decode it and at the end complete

the assigned task successfully.

Memory –Memory chip stores all programs &

data.

Input/output ports – I/O ports are basically

employed to interface or drive different

appliances such as- printers, LCD’s, LED’s, etc

Microcontroller Basics

ADC (Analog to digital converter) – ADC is employed to

convert analog signals to digital ones.

DAC (digital to analog converter) – this converter

executes opposite functions that ADC perform. This

device is generally employed to supervise analog

appliances like- DC motors, etc.

Serial Ports – These ports give serial interfaces amid

microcontroller & various other peripherals such as

parallel port.

Timers – A microcontroller may be in-built with one or

more timer or counters

Classification of Microcontrollers

Microcontrollers can be classified into following :-

Bits

Instruction Set

Memory Architecture

CISC vs. RISC

CISC

Emphasis on hardware

Includes multi-clockcomplex instructions

Memory-to-memory:"LOAD" and "STORE"incorporated in instructions

Small code sizes,high cycles per second

Transistors used for storingcomplex instructions

RISC

Emphasis on software

Single-clock,reduced instruction only

Register to register:"LOAD" and "STORE"are independent instructions

Low cycles per second,large code sizes

Spends more transistorson memory registers

List of Microcontrollers

ARM core processors (from many vendors)

Atmel AVR (8-bit), AVR32 (32-bit), and AT91SAM (32-bit)

Cypress Semiconductor PSoC (Programmable System-on-Chip)

Intel 8051

Microchip PIC, (8-bit PIC16, PIC18, 16-bit dsPIC33 / PIC24), (32-bit

PIC32)

NXP Semiconductors LPC1000, LPC2000, LPC3000, LPC4000 (32-bit),

LPC900, LPC700 (8-bit)

Texas Instruments TI MSP430 (16-bit)

What was the need of

Microcontrollers?

Need of microcontroller

periodically read the temperature (analog value, is digitized by

sensor; uses 4-bit interface),

control heating according to the temperature (turn heater on/off; 1 bit),

display the current temperature on a simple 3-digit numeric display

(8+3 bits),

allow the user to adjust temperature thresholds (buttons; 4 bits), and

be able to configure/upgrade the system over a serial interface.

History of Microcontrollers

The first microprocessor was the 4-bit Intel

4004 released in 1971, with the Intel 8008.

The Smithsonian Institution says TI engineers Gary

Boone and Michael Cochran succeeded in

creating the first microcontroller in 1971. The

result of their work was the TMS 1000, which

became commercially available in 1974.

Advance Microcontroller AVR

AVR was developed in the year 1996 by Atmel

Corporation.

The architecture of AVR was developed by Alf-Egil Bogen and Vegard Wollan. AVR derives its

name from its developers and stands for Alf-Egil

Bogen Vegard Wollan RISC microcontroller, also

known as Advanced Virtual RISC.

The AT90S8515 was the first microcontroller

which was based on AVR architecture however

the first microcontroller to hit the commercial market was AT90S1200 in the year 1997.

Need of Advance Microcontroller

Memory

Instruction Set

Family of AVR

1. TinyAVR – Less memory, small size, suitable only for simpler

applications

2. MegaAVR – These are the most popular ones having good

amount of memory (upto 256 KB), higher number of inbuilt peripherals

and suitable for moderate to complex applications.

3. XmegaAVR – Used commercially for complex applications,

which require large program memory and high speed

Architecture of AVR

How to burn a code in AVRA code is burned in AVR with the help of a software, called Atmel

Studio. In this software we can select the language(C or Assembly)

and write the code accordingly.

Atmel Development Kit

Interfacing of different

devices with AVR

Interfacing can be done with:-

LEDs

LCD

Motors

Sensors

But did you Know

Interfacing of Camera with AVR

Interfacing of Arduino with AVR

Interfacing of Wireless Robotics with

AVR

Any

Questions ?

Thank You