Engineering graphics manual 2014 2015

Engineering Graphics

Laboratory Manual

Course Code: ME101.01

B. Tech 1st Year

CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING

CHAMOS Matrusanstha Department of Mechanical Engineering

ENGINEERING GRAPHICS (ME 101.01) F. Y. (B.Tech)

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Reference Books

1. A Text Book of Engineering Graphics By P J Shah (Part-I, Part-II).

2. Elementary Engineering Drawing By N D Bhatt.

3. Engineering Graphics By Basant Agrawal & C M Agrawal

4. Engineering Drawing By P S Gill

Drawing Equipments & Materials (for Laboratory work)

1. Mini Drafter.

2. Set squares = 45° & 30°- 60° (With in built French curves and protractor).

3. Instrument Box (Engineering Compass Box).

4. Eraser and Drawing clips (or pins).

5. 0.5 mm clutch pencil (H & 2H Lead only).

6. Stencils Capital and Small Letters (4,6 & 8 mm) & Circle master, Roller scale,

Scales

7. Sketch Books (A3 size), Drawing sheets (A2 size) and Sheet container.

How to begin your drawing?

1. Clean the drawing board and all the drawing instruments using handkerchief.

2. Fix the drawing sheet on the drawing board (table).

3. Fix the mini-drafter in convenient position.

4. Draw borderlines on sheet

5. Spacing of drawing between two problems /view is to be planned before

the commencement of the drawing.

6. Print the problem number on the left top and then commence the drawing work.





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Important guidelines for students:

1. Always be punctual in time. Latecomer won’t be permitted without solid reason.

2. Before starting each sheet, signature of concern batch teacher should be taken on

the sheet without fail; else no credit would be given to that practical sheet.

3. Students should bring the drawing sheet ready for the practical. The borderlines and

Title block should be drawn on the drawing sheet before coming for the practical.

4. Before starting each sheet in the college, each student will have to ensure that the

work in the sketch Book pertaining to that sheet is completed in all respect; else the

student will not be allowed to start his work in the sheet.

5. Batch wise problems will be drawn on the sheet in the scheduled practical turn in

the drawing hall only.

6. Any data written on the sheets should be in the block (CAPITAL) letters only.

7. All problems of all sheets should be drawn by first angle projection method if not

specify.

8. Name and ID No. Should be written on sheet in the title block with the ball pen.

9. Student must come with all Drawing Equipments & Materials for laboratory work

without fail; otherwise individual will not be permitted to enter in drawing hall.

Conversion of Units for Reference:

1µ (1 micron) = 0.000001 m (10-6 m)

1 mm (1 millimeter) = 0.001 m (10-3m)

1cm (1 centimeter) = 0.01 m (10-2 m)

1 dm (1 decimeter) = 0.1 m (10-1 m)

1dam (1 decameter) = 10 m

1 hm (1 hectometer) = 100 m (102 m)

1 km (1 kilometer) = 1000 m (103 m)

1 Mile = 8 Furlongs

1 Furlong = 220 Yards

1 Yard = 3 Feet

1 Foot = 12 Inches

1 Inch = 25.4 mm





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1. TITLE BLOCK:

2. TYPES OF LINES:





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3. Geometric Construction:

4. Dimensioning System: General Principles:

1. All dimensions should be detailed on a drawing.

2. No single dimension should be repeated except where unavoidable.

3. Mark the dimensions outside the drawing as far as possible.

4. Avoid dimensioning to hidden lines wherever possible.

5. The longer dimensions should be placed outside all intermediate dimensions, so

that dimension lines will not cross extension lines.

Elements of dimensioning:

1. Students should identify and know the correct drawing of the following

dimensioning elements like Dimension lines, Extension lines, Leader

lines, Arrowheads.

2. Draw the figure in both, Aligned system & unidirectional system.

Aligned System Unidirectional System





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Sheet 1 Engineering Curves & Engineering Scales

BATCH A

1. The foci of an ellipse are 110 mm apart. The minor axis is 70 mm long. Determine the

length of the major axis and draw half ellipse by rectangular method and other half

by concentric circle method. Draw normal and tangent at any point on the curve.

2. Show by means of drawing that when the diameter of rolling circle is half the diameter

of directing circle, the hypocycloid is a straight line.

3. In a map a 36 km distance is shown by a line 45 cm long. Calculate the R.F. and

construct a plain scale to read kilometers and hectometers, for max. 12 km. Show a

distance of 8.3 km on it.

BATCH B

1. A stone is thrown from a building 6 m high. It just crosses the top of a palm tree 12 m

high. Trace the path of the projectile if the horizontal distance between the building

and the palm tree is 3 m. Also find the distance of the point from the building where

the stone falls on the ground.

2. Point P is 80 mm from point O. It starts moving towards O and reaches it in two

revolutions around it Draw locus of point P (To draw a Spiral of TWO convolutions).

3. 1 Square cm. area on a map represents an actual area of 20.25 Square km.

Construct a plane scale to read up to a single kilometer and max length up to 90 kms

and mark on it a distance of 57 km.

BATCH C

1. Two fixed straight lines OA and OB are at right angle to each other. A point “P” is at

a distance of 20 mm from OA and 50 mm from OB. Draw a rectangular hyperbola

passing through point “P”.

2. A semi circle with O2 as centre and radius equal to 30 mm is fixed as shown in the

Figure. O1P0 is the inelastic string of 132 mm length. The end O1 of the string is fixed.

Point O1 is 18 mm on upper side and 18 mm on left side of O2 The string is turned in

anticlockwise direction and simultaneously wound around the surface of the

semicircle. Draw the locus of the point P0, the free end of the string. Name the curve.

3. Construct a scale of 1” = 1 foot to read up to 6 feet and show on it, 4’-7” length.





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Sheet 2 Projections of Line & Projections of Planes

BATCH A

1. A line AB, 75mm long, has one end A in VP and other end B is 15 mm above HP.

Draw the projections of the line when line is inclined 30o to HP and 60o to VP.

2. An parabolic plane with base 50 mm & axis 45 mm is inclined to & rest with base on

HP such that the top view of plane is semicircle. Draw the projection of plane when

the plan of major axis is inclined at 300 to VP. Find the inclination of plane with HP.

3. A 300 – 600 set square of longest side 100 mm long is in VP and 300 inclined to HP

while it’s surface is 450 inclined to VP. Draw its projections

BATCH B

1. A line PQ 70 mm long has its end P in the VP and the end Q in the HP. The line is

inclined at 450 to HP and 300 to VP. Draw its Projections.

2. An isosceles triangular plate of negligible thickness has base 50 mm long and altitude

70 mm. It is so placed on VP such that in the front view it is seen as an equilateral

triangle of 50 mm sides with the side that is parallel to VP is inclined at 450 to HP.

Draw its top and front view.

3. PQRS is a rhombus of diagonal PR is 60 mm and QS is 40 mm the corner P is in the

HP and the plane is inclined to the HP such that the plan appear is square. The plan of

diagonal PR makes an angle of 20˚ to the VP.

BATCH C

1. A line AB is having its end A 10 mm above H.P. and 30 mm in front of V.P. It is

inclined at 45° to H.P. and 30° to V.P. The end B is below H.P. and behind V.P. Draw

the projections of the line AB if the plan length is 80 mm. Also, find the true length of

the line.

2. A pentagonal plate of side 30 mm is resting on one of its corner and opposite side to

this corner is 20 mm above HP and inclined at 400 to VP. Draw the projections and

find inclination with HP of the plate.

3. A regular hexagonal plate 30 mm side is resting on one of its corners in VP. The

diagonal through that corner is inclined at 400 to VP. (1) The plan of that diagonal

inclined to HP by 450. (2) The diagonal inclined to HP by 450. Draw the projections of

hexagonal plate.





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Sheet 3 Projections of Solids & Sections of Solids

BATCH A

1. A frustum of a cone, having base diameter 60 mm, top base diameter 25 mm and axis

45 mm, is resting on one of its generators on the H.P. The top view of the axis of the

frustum makes an angle of 30° with the V.P. Draw the projections of the solid.

2. A triangular pyramids of base sides 40 mm and axis length 70 mm is resting on HP on

one of its triangular faces. Draw its projections when the top of axis is inclined at 450

to the VP leaning towards the right side with its apex 30mm from VP.

3. A cylinder of 50 mm diameter of base and 75 mm height of axis has one of its ends on

the H.P. Its cut by and A.I.P. in such a way that the true shape of the section is an

ellipse of largest possible major axis. Draw the sectional plane, true shape and find

the inclination of the sectional plane

BATCH B

1. A tetrahedron of 30 mm side is resting with one of its edges on H.P. The edge on

which it rests is inclined at 450 to VP and a face containing that edge is inclined 300

to HP. Draw the projections of solid.

2. A hexagonal pyramid of 30 mm side and axis length 60 mm is resting on VP on one

of its triangular faces. Draw its projections when it’s rotated such that the apex is

nearer to HP than its base and its front view of axis as well as the base edge which is

resting on VP is equally inclined to HP.

3. A cone of diameter 60 mm is rest on HP with base. It is cut by the section plane such

that the true shape of the section is equilateral triangle of 40 mm. Draw the front

view, sectional top view, true shape of section and find inclination of section plane &

height of cone.

BATCH C

1. A pentagonal prism, edge of base 30 mm and height 55 mm , is resting on a of its base

in HP and 45 mm in front of VP. The longer edge, containing that corner inclined at

450 to HP and a vertical plane containing that edge and the axis inclined at 300 to VP.

Draw the projection of prism.

2. A Pentagonal pyramid, edge of base 30 mm and height 60 mm, is resting on HP with

base such that the true shape of one of the slant face visible in plan & the plan of the

axis inclined at 450 to the VP.

3. A square pyramids, side of base 40 mm and axis 60 mm long, has its base in HP and

all edges of the base are equally inclined to VP. It is cut by a sectional plane so that

the true shape of section is isosceles triangle of base 40 mm and altitude 40 mm. Find

the inclination with HP. Draw the front view, sectional top view and true shape of the

section.





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Sheet 4 Orthographic Projections & Isometric View

BATCH A

Figure 1

Figure 2

1. Draw the following View for Figure 1

a) Front View

b) Top View

c) Left hand side View


a) Left hand side view

b) Top View

c) Sectional FV

3. Draw Isometric View for Figure 3

Figure 3





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BATCH B

Figure 1

Figure 2


a) Front View

b) Top View

c) Right hand side View

2. Draw the following View for Figure2

a) Front View

b) Top View

c) Sectional LHSV


Figure 3





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BATCH C

Figure 1 Figure 2


a) Front View

b) Top View



a) Left hand side View

b) Top View

c) Sectional FV

Figure 3






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Sheet 5 Development of Surfaces

BATCH A

1. A pentagonal prism, side of base 35mm and height 70 min, is resting on HP on its

base with one of the edge of the base inclined at 60° to the VP. It is cut by an AIP

inclined to HP by 30° passing through a point on the axis 15 mm from top end of the

axis. Draw the development of the cut prism.

2. Draw the plan and elevation of a cone resting on HP on its base. Show on them the

shortest path followed by a fly moving round the cone and returning to the same

starting point. Fly start from a point on the periphery of the base. Take base

diameter of cone 90 mm and height of the axis 100 mm.

3. A hollow square pyramid, side of base 45 mm and height 65 mm, is resting on HP on

its base with all sides of base equally inclined to VP. A square hole of side 20 mm is

drilled through pyramid. Sides of the square hole are equally inclined to HP. Axis of

the pyramid and square hole intersect at right angle 20 mm above the base of the

pyramid. Axis of the hole is perpendicular to VP. Draw elevation plan and

development of the lateral surface of the pyramid.

BATCH B

1. A right square pyramid of base 20 mm side and height 30 mm is resting on its base

on the ground with one of the side of base inclined at 45° with VP. Develop the

lateral surface of the pyramid. If a point P moves from one of the corner of the base

and comes to the same corner through shortest route, show the path in the

development as well as in the projections.

2. The development of a cone is a semicircle of 80 mm radius having a circular hole of

80 mm diameter. Draw the plan and elevation of the cone along with periphery of a

circular hole shown on them.

3. A frustum of square pyramid has its bottom side 60 mm, top side 30 mm and height

75 mm. It is resting on the HP on its bottom keeping two side of base parallel to the

VP. Draw the development of the frustum showing in it the string connecting the

midpoint of the side of one face of top with the midpoint of side of bottom of the

opposite face by shortest length. Show string in the projections of the frustum.





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BATCH C

1. A cylinder, diameter of base 60 mm and height 80 mm is resting on HP on its base. It

is cut by AIP, which makes an angle 30° to HP and bisecting the axis. Draw the

development of cut cylinder.

2. A square pyramid of base side 30 mm and height 60 mm is resting on HP on its bas

with one of the edge of base perpendicular to VP. It is cut by a section plane

perpendicular to VP and inclined to HP at 45° and passing through a point 20 mm

from apex on the axis. Draw the projections. Draw the development of surfaces of

cut portion of pyramid having base in it.

3. A pentagonal pyramid (40 x 70) is resting on HP on its base with one of the edges of

base away from VP is parallel to VP. It is cut by two AIPs No 1 and No 2 both

inclined at 45° to the HP passing through points 30 mm and 35 mm from apex on

axis respectively. Draw the development of the cut pyramid. Show also effect in plan.





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Assignment 1 Engineering Curves & Projections of Point

Engineering Curves

1. The distance between two coplanar fixed points is 110 mm. Trace the complete

path of a point G moving in the same plane in such a way that the sum of the

distance from the fixed points is always 150 mm. Name the curve & find its

eccentricity. Draw normal and tangent at any point on the curve.

2. Two points A & Bare 100 mm apart. A point C is 75 mm from A and 45 mm from

B. Draw an ellipse passing through points A, B, and C so that AB is a major axis.

3. ABCD is a rectangle of 100mm x 60mm. Draw an ellipse passing through all the

four corners A, B, C and D of the rectangle considering mid points of the smaller

sides as focal points. Use concentric circle method and find its eccentricity. Draw

normal and tangent at any point on the curve.

4. Three points A, B & P while lying along a horizontal line in order have AB = 60

mm and AP = 80 mm, while A & B are fixed points and P starts moving such a

way that AP + BP remains always constant and when they form isosceles triangle,

AP = BP = 5O mm. Draw the path traced out by the point P from the

commencement of its motion back to its initial position and name the path of P.

Draw normal and tangent at any point on the curve.

5. Draw an ellipse passing through 60° corner Q of a 30°-60° set square having smallest

side PQ vertical & 40 mm long while the foci of the ellipse coincide with corners P

& R of the set square. Use oblong method. Find its eccentricity. Draw normal and

tangent at any point on the curve.

6. Two points A & Bare 100 mm apart: A point C is 75 mm from A and 45 mm from

B. Draw an ellipse passing through points A, B, and C so that AB is not a major axis.

7. Two fixed straight lines OA and OB are at right angle to each other. A point P is at a

distance of 20 mm from OA and 50 mm from OB. Draw a rectangular hyperbola

passing through point P.

8. Draw an Involute of a pentagon having side as 30 mm. Draw normal and tangent at

any point on the curve.

Projections of Point

1. Point C is 40 mm above HP and 40 mm in front of VP. Draw the projections of point.

2. A Point S is 40 mm below HP and in third quadrant, and its shortest distance from

XY line is 55 mm, Draw its Front View and Top Views.

3. Point P is 30 mm above HP and is in first quadrant. Its shortest distance from XY

line is 60 mm. Draw its plan and elevation.

4. Point I is on both the reference plane and as well as on profile plane.

5. Point T is 30 mm away from HP and 40 mm away from VP. Draw the projection

for all possibilities.





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Assignment 2 Projections of Lines & Projections of Planes

Projections of Lines

1. Points A and B are on H.P. point A is 30mm in front of V.P. while point B is

50mm behind V.P. The distance be tween t he end pro jectors i s 60 mm.

Draw the projections of the points and the straight lines joining the top views and

the front views of the points.

2. The end A of a line AB is in the HP and 25 mm in behind the VP. The end B is in

the VP and 50 mm above the HP. The distance between the end projectors is 75

mm. Draw the projections of AB and determine its true length, inclinations with the

two planes.

3. The top view and the front view, of the line CD, measure 65 mm long and 53 mm

respectively. The line is inclined to HP and to the VP by 300 and 450 respectively.

The end C is on the HP and 12 mm in front of VP. Other end D is in the 1st quadrant.

Draw the projections of the line CD and find its true length.

4. The top view of a straight-line AB 60 mm long measure 46 mm while the length of

its front view is 53 mm. The one end A is 15 mm above the H.P. and 20 mm in front

of V.P. Draw projection of straight line AB and finds its inclination with H.P. and V.P.

5. The distance between the end projectors of a straight line AB is 60 mm. Point A is 5

mm above HP and 30 m in front of VP. Point B is 40 mm above HP and 50 mm

behind VP. Draw the projections and find the inclination of straight line AB with HP,

VP and the TL of the line.

6. A line PQR 100 mm long is inclined to HP by 300and VP by 450. PQ: QR: 2:3. Point

Q is in VP and 25 mm above HP. Draw the projections of the line PQR when point R

is in the 1st

quadrant. Find the position of point P.

7. The top view and the front view of the line AB measures 53 mm and 65 mm

respectively. The line is 75 mm long. Point A is on the ground and 40 mm behind VP.

Draw the projections of the line AB and determine its inclinations with HP and VP.

8. Two lemons on a tree planted near the compound wall of a bunglow are 1.25 m and 1.

5 m above the ground and 0.5 m and 0.9 m from a 20 cm thick compound wall but

on the opposite side of it. The distance between lemons measured along the ground

and parallel to the wall is 1 m. Determine the real distance between centres of two

lemons.





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Projections of Planes

1. An elliptical plane with major axis 70 mm and minor axis 50 mm is inclined to & rest

with vertices on HP such that the plan becomes circle. Draw the projection of plane

when the major axis is inclined at 300 to VP. Find the inclination of plane with HP.

2. A semi circular plate of 60 mm diameter rests on the HP on its diameter which is

inclined at 450

to the VP and the surface is inclined at 300

to the HP. Draw the

projections of the plate.

3. A regular pentagon of 50 mm sides is resting on one of its sides on the HP such that

it is parallel to and 25 mm in front of the VP. If the highest corner of the pentagon

rests in the VP. Draw its projections and find the angle made by a plane with the HP.

4. A circular plate of 60 mm diameter has a square hole side 25 mm punched centrally.

A plate is resting on the HP on point A of its rim with its surface inclined at 300

to

the HP and the diameter AB through A is inclined at 450

to the VP. Draw the

projections of a plate with the hole.

5. Draw the projections of a rhombus diagonals 125 mm and 75 mm size having

smaller diagonal parallel to both the reference plane and the bigger diagonal

inclined to HP such that plan of rhombus becomes a square. Draw the projections

and find the inclination of plane with HP. Use third angle projection system.





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Assignment 3 Projections of Solids & Sections of Solids

Projections of Solids

1. A square prism side of base 30 mm and height 45 mm is resting on HP on one of the

edges of the base. The side on which it rests on HP makes 450

with VP. Rectangular

face containing that edge on which rests on HP makes an angle 600

with HP. Draw

the projections of the prism.

2. A hexagonal pyramid of 30 mm side of base and 45 mm length of axis is resting on

one of its triangular faces on HP. Draw the projections of the pyramid when its edge

of base which is in HP is inclined at 600 to the VP.

3. A right regular pentagonal pyramid side of base 50 mm and height 80 mm rests on

one of the corners of its base on the HP, the base being tilted up until the apex is 60

mm above HP. Draw the projections of the pyramid with the edge of base opposite

to the corner on which it is resting is made parallel to VP.

4. A pentagonal pyramid with sides of its base 30 mm and height 80 mm rests on an

edge of the base. The base is tilted until its apex is 50 mm above the level of the edge

on which it rests. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the edge on which it rests

is parallel to the V.P. Use auxiliary plane method.

5. A cube of 50 mm long edges is resting on the HP on one its corners with one of the

body diagonals parallel to HP and perpendicular to VP. Draw the projections of the

cube.





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Sections of Solids

1. A pentagonal pyramid, sides of the base 50 mm and height 80 mm, is resting on HP

on one of its base with one of the edges of base away from VP and is parallel to VP.

It is cut by an AIP bisecting the axis, the distance of the section plane from the apex

being 15 mm. Draw the elevation sectional plan and the true shape of the section.

Find also the inclination of AIP.

2. A cone of diameter 70 mm & 80 mm height is cut by a section plane such that the true

shape of section is parabola of 70 mm axis and true shape available in plan. Find the

inclination of section plane with both the reference plane and axis of cone.

3. A cone having base diameter 50 mm and axis 60 mm long is resting on its base on

HP. A section plane cuts it perpendicular to both the reference planes in such a way

that the true shape of the section is hyperbola of 45 mm base. Draw projection of

the cone; show position of section plane and true shape of the section.





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Assignment 4: Orthographic Projections & IsometricView

Orthographic Projections

Figure 1 Figure 2

Figure 3

Draw the following View for Figure 1

a) Front View

b) Top View



a) Front View

b) Top View



a) Front View

b) Top View






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Isometric Views/Projections

Figure 1

Figure 2 Figure 3

1. Draw the Isometric views of the object shown pictorially in Figure 1 and 2.

2. Draw the Isometric Projections of the object shown pictorially in Figure 3

3. A pentagonal pyramid of side of base 30mm and height 70mm is resting with its base on

H.P. Draw the isometric drawing of the pyramid.

4. Draw the isometric drawing of a object which has FV and TV as equilateral triangle

and LHSV as a Circle of 60 mm Diameter.





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Assignment 5 Development of Surfaces

1. A regular hexagonal pyramid (40 X 75) mm is resting on H.P. on its base with

two edges of base parallel to VP. It is cut by AIP making 600

with HP and passing

through one of the corners of the base. Draw the development of the truncated

pyramid.

2. A pentagonal pyramid side of base 20 mm and height 35 mm is resting on HP on one

of its triangular faces. It is cut by AVP inclined to VP by 300

bisecting the axis.

Draw sectional elevation, true shape of section and draw the development of

lateral surfaces of the pentagonal pyramid. Assume axis of the pyramid parallel to VP.

3. A pentagonal pyramid has its base on the H.P. and the edge of the base nearer the

V.P., parallel to it. A vertical section plane, inclined at 45° to the V.P., cuts the

pyramid at a distance of 6 mm from the axis. Draw the top view, front view, and the

development of the surface of the remaining part of the pyramid. Base of the pyramid

30 mm sides; axis 50 mm long.