Improving sanitation with peri urban and squatter populations for css 5-5-09 (pp tminimizer)

Improved Sanitation with Peri-Urban and Squatter Populations as part of

the SSKwith Equity on Gender and for

the Poor

INDONESIA SANITATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

Jakarta, May 2009


Overview of presentation:1. Issue : Growing peri-urban& squatter populations without

proper sanitation2. Location: Informal settlements in the peri-urban zones3. Challenge: High environmental and health risks4. City Sanitation Strategy: Options for squatters?5. The Option: Sanitary yet Temporary “Sanplats”6. City Sanitation Strategy: Option for peri-urban community?7. The Option: Community Led Urban Sanitation (CLUS)8. Some Lessons learned: Ten golden CLUS rules

1. The issue: Growing peri-urban& squatter populations

• Many Indonesian cities face growing streams of migrants from rural areas into their city boundaries

• Most migrants are attracted by the opportunities for work and better incomes

• Others have come after a natural disaster, such as an earthquake, volcano eruption or drought

• Virtually all such migrants are poor. They live in temporary housing without drinking water supply and toilets


2. The location: Informal sett lements in peri-urban zones

• Migrants often settle on waste lands near river banks and/or city edge

• Settlement is usually not legal, but accepted by the city as it needs cheap labour for its budding industry

• Houses are temporary, made from free & lowest cost local material and have no toilet or water supply


3. The challenge: high environmental and health r isks

• Migrants often settle on waste land on the edge of the city

• Preference of locations:1) Near water for washing,

bathing & cleaning after excreta disposal

2) Near work 3) Availability of land for housing

small livestock, food gardens• Settlement is usually illegal,

but accepted as city needs cheap labour for its budding industry


• Labour migrants must live close to their places of work• Travel to work costs too much time and money• They and their family also need surface water & land near

water for their primary needs• Relocation further away therefore often not an option• At the same time, their sanitation habits pollute water and

land, e.g. the city waterpark and recreation area in Blitar.• Cities do not want to expand water supply and sanitation

to squatters, as they don’t want permanent settlement• Squatters reject investments without land security

What can be done?


4. SSK : Options for squatters?

5. The option: Sanitary yet Temporary “Sanplats”

• A suitable technology choice for non-permanent populations is the sanitary platform (‘sanplat’)

• Sanplats are ferro-cement 40-45 mm thick slabs over a shallow pit with a key-hole & cover

• Their construction requires 1/3 bag of cement, coarse river sand, iron reinforcement

• When pit is full, shift slab by corners over new pit by 4 strong men, cover old pit, plant trees when sludge has manured

• Shelter: 4 poles + plastic


Source: COSI, Sri Lanka

Sanplat over pit l ined with green

bamboo I in unstable soil

Cover over hole excludes f l ies

Shift over new pit when old is ful l

Casting the sanplat with keyhole-shaped squatt ing hole:

• One small plastic bucket

• Two bricks, sideways, V-shape

• One bott le

Source: Jo Smet, IRC

• Households have enough space to build off-site toilets• Local low-cost and no-cost materials are available• Households cannot afford to invest much money• They are able to upgrade toilets over time• They form a cohesive community with potential for gotong-

royong• Households have a demand for toilets:

– Women want privacy and safety– Men want increased house value, safety for wives &

daughters– Both want status and convenience of toilet & better

health and saving s on expenditures from diseases What can be done? Option 1, 2 ….


6. City Sanitation Strategy: Option for peri-urban communit ies?

7. The option: Community-Led Urban Sanitat ion (CLUS)

• With help of trained Puskes Mas or PKK promoter, c’ty assesses local sanitation situation (‘map’)

• It visits the open defecation sites (‘transect walk’)

• It calculates the excreta weight• C’ty decides to stop open defecation

(‘OD free’ pledge)• C’ty & Puskes Mas/PKK promote lowest

cost models with local materials (meetings, home visits)

• C’ty promotes till ODF & monitors upkeep ODF (Case: Payakumbuh)


Peta Sanitasi

Transect Walk

1. Involve couples (husbands and wives together )2. Review together who needs special help

(labour, materials, design information)3. Plan c’ty help for poorest in cash/kind4. Agree on minimum quality standards5. Share knowledge e.g. open day visits


Women review toilet models

Planned to upgrade : comlete f loor, then walls,

roof, door

8. Some Lessons Learned (Ten golden CLUS rules):

Some Lessons Learned (10 golden CLUS rules) :

6. Women make excellent toilet masons – promoting & casting slabs and pans (Case: Payakumbuh)

7. School children can effectively promote sanitation to parents

8. C’ties need to monitor if 100% sanitized situation is sustained

9. Monitor hygiene & handwashing e.g. 3 visits by Posyandu/C’ty cadre: on completion, after one month & three months

10. Cadres need training as CLUS facilitators


http://entomology.uark.edu/faculty/Steelmanimages/BlackGarbageFlyAdult.JPG


Engineering

Improving sanitation with peri urban and squatter populations for css 5-5-09 (pp tminimizer)