Nuclear Power Station (Components)

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Main Components Of Nuclear Plant

• Nuclear Reactor

• Fuels

• Moderator

• Controll Rods

• Coolant

• Pressure Vessele or Pressure tubes

• Steam Generator

• Heat exchanger

• Steam Turbie

• Condenser

• Alternator

Nuclear Reactor

A nuclear reactor produces and controls the release of energy from splitting the atoms of certain elements. In a nuclear power reactor, the energy released is used as heat to make steam to generate electricity

Nuclear Reactor - Fuels

Uranium (UF6) is a relatively common element that is found throughout the world. It must be processed before it can be used as fuel for a nuclear reactor.

To prepare uranium for use in a nuclear reactor, it undergoes the steps of mining and milling, conversion, enrichment and fuel fabrication. These steps make up the 'front end' of the nuclear fuel cycle.

Fuel pins Fuel assembly

Full core

Nuclear Reactor - Moderator

Moderator is theMaterial in the core which slows down the neutrons released from fission so that they cause more fission.

It is usually water, but may be heavy water or graphite.

Nuclear Reactor – Controll Rods

The control rods prevent the chain reaction happening too quickly i.e. controls chain reaction

Control rods are made from an alloy of silver and cadmium, boron mixed with iron or carbon.

The control rods are very good at absorbing neutrons. They reducethe number of neutrons available to continue the chain reaction.

Nuclear Reactor -

Coolant,Pressure Vessele,Steam Generator

Coolant. A fluid circulating through the core so as to transfer the heat from it. In light water reactors the water moderator functions also as primary coolant.

Pressure vessel or pressure tubes. Usually a robust steel vessel containing the reactor core and moderator/coolant, but it may be a series of tubes holding the fuel and conveying the coolant through the surrounding moderator.

Steam generator. Part of the cooling system of pressurised water reactors where the high-pressure primary coolant bringing heat from the reactor is used to make steam for the turbine, in a secondary circuit. Essentially a heat exchanger like a motor car radiator*. Reactors have up to six 'loops', each with a steam generator.

Heat exchanger

A heat exchanger is a device built for efficient heat transfer from one medium to another, whether the media are separated by a solid wall so that they never mix, or the media are in direct contact.

Heat exchangers are used to convert water into steam from heat produced in a nuclear reactor core.

Steam Turbie

Converts heat energy of the system into Mechenical energy

Cooling Tower

Cooling TowerRemoves heat from the water discharged from the condenser so that the water can be discharged to the river or recirculated and reused.

Major Components :

Cooling Tower(supply) basin

Cooling Tower Pumps

There are 2 types of towers - Mechanical draft and Natural draft

Mechenical Draft Natural Draft