Abigail Moore (abigail2105)Assignment for “Turn Down the Heat – why we must avoid a 4°C world”

I. The need for energyII. The problems with

conventional energy (fossil fuels)

III. Alternative Opportunities

IV. Strategies for Central Sulawesi

V. Future Vision...

Indonesia: according to World Bank, 94% households in Indonesia have access to electricity (http://api.worldbank.org/v2/en/indicator/eg.elc.accs.zs?downloadformat=excel)

The reality here is very different...o many islands and remote villages have no electricity at all, or a

few people have small, very polluting and inefficient diesel generators – usually only 6pm to 11 or 12pm

o in towns: power cuts (up to > 12 hrs) are very frequent, “brown-outs” (low voltage) occur most days (especially evenings)

this plays havoc with businesses and other activities, and electrical/electronic appliances have very short lives

property and lives are lost from fires during blackouts fisheries sector: cold chain is (almost) impossible in islands

with rich fisheries resources – waste and low value Capital City Palu has a very rapid growth in electricity demand

(http://bisnis.tempo.co/read/news/2013/02/22/092462951/Konsumsi-Listrik-Palu-Tumbuh-Tertinggi)

It is clear that safe, reliable power (electricity) is a top priority for rural and urban development in our province

Fossil fuel emissions contribute to global climate change and ocean acidification. Both have many negative impacts on our predominantly coastal and archipelagic area(Hoegh-Guldberg O., Hoegh-Guldberg H., Veron J.E.N., Gree, A., Gomez E. D, et al... (2009). The Coral Triangle and Climate Change: Ecosystems, People and Societies at Risk. WWF Australia, Brisbane; Nellemann C., Corcoran E., Duarte C.M., Valdés L., De Young C., Fonseca L. dan Grimsditch G. (Eds). (2009). Blue Carbon. A Rapid Response Assessment. United Nations Environment Programme, GRID-Arendal,Norway. 80 hal.

http://www.climateemergencyinstitute.com/ocean_warming.htmlwww.climateemergencyinstitute.com/ocean_acidification.html

http://qsr2010.ospar.org/en/ch03_01.html

Projections for Indonesian energy use are frightening – even with so-called renewable energy policies...

Above: the predicted rise in CO2 emissions for business as usual and planned renewable or low carbon energy policies to 2050 – at best reduce the increase to about 3-fold...Source: Indonesian Energy Council data), http://s3.amazonaws.com/ppt-download/outlookenerginasional2014finaltanpanote-150107013113-conversion-gate02.pptx

We could do much better than 17% renewables...

o In our areao nationwide... Example: Nusa Penida

renewable energy project (http://phys.org/news/2014-05-indonesian-island-

green-power-revolution.html )

o combination of solar energy and wind power

o biogas (from animal dung)o mini-hydro-electric plantso target of 100% renewable

by 2025 – ambitious but possible...

o supported by NGOs with strong community buy-in

Central Sulawesi is on the Equator: Solar power should be viable in Palu and other areas of Central Sulawesi with high insolation and low rainfall like Nusa Penida

Affordable solar panels have been developed by a local technical college

Problems: Theft: solar cells installed in several

projects have been stolen – need to develop security-wise models

Storage: peak load in evening, use of car batteries is not exactly environmentally friendly – or efficient

Maybe something like TESLA powerwalls and storage batteries are the way to go...

(http://www.inhabitat.com/images/bipv1.jpg; http://www.abbey-solar.com/images/space-saving-solar-panels.png; http://www.gizmag.com/tesla-battery-powerwall/37283/

Most of Indonesia: average winds too slow and unreliable

The provincial capital Palu has a local reliable daily seabreeze – proven suitable for windpower

(Sam & Pattabang, http://jurnal.untad.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/ SMARTEK/ article/download/336/276)

...or combined solar/wind power installations

Suitable technology available Many scales possibleo PLN (national ) or municipal/

local governmento local communities or estateso public buildings (government

offices, schools etc)o individual homes or

businesses...

On the “ring of fire” and “Palu-Koro” fault

14 reported geothermal sites (government data)

proven potential at Bora near Palu (pers. com. by expert from a NZ company wanting to invest)

http://dtwh2.esdm.go.id/dw2007/data/sumberdaya/peta-sumberdaya-cadangan-panasbumi2005.jpg

Palu City and Palu Bay/Valleyo combined wind/solar installations – grid and private or

for institutions, housing estates etco government buildings; new ones woth solar roofs,

retro-fit when renovating old oneso tax incentives for private installationso expand current pilot project on waste from energy Small Islands o solar or combined wind/solar, depending on wind

patterns – provide communications, cold chain for fisheries as well as household/business electricity

o possibly waste energy installations – partly solve the growing waste problem too

Bora and all (14) Geothermal sites if viableo develop geothermal capacity

Central Sulawesi as a leader in renewable energyo energy for local development and welfareo energy to export to other areas in Sulawesio clean air, low carbon footprint ... PLUS: REDD – enhance current pilot

project in Central Sulawesi: expand from terrestrial forests to include blue carbon (mangrove, seagrass)

Palu – truly “Green and Clean” – make the City Moto become a reality!