27 nov16 role_of_tehri_dam_in_increasing_food_production_in_the_command_area_of_canals_utilising_additional_water_released_from_tehri_reservoir

Role of Role of TehriTehri Dam Dam in in Increasing Increasing Food Food Production in Production in the Command Area of Canalsthe Command Area of Canalsthe Command Area of Canals the Command Area of Canals

Utilising Additional Water Utilising Additional Water Released fromReleased from TehriTehri ReservoirReservoirReleased from Released from TehriTehri ReservoirReservoir

By

H.L AroraExecutive Director

S.R.MishraGeneral Manager

THDC INDIA LTDTHDC INDIA LTD

Outline

1. Introduction of Tehri Dam Project

2. Food Security in brief2. Food Security in brief

3. Distribution of additional water released from Tehri reservoir

4 Study carried out for assessment of impact on Agriculture Produce4. Study carried out for assessment of impact on Agriculture Produce

5. Results of study and discussions

6 Conclusion of study6. Conclusion of study

Why Multipurpose Storage Dams Are Required

Multipurpose storage dam projects, such as Tehri dam are required for flood control bystoring surplus water during monsoon, releasing stored water after monsoon for irrigationand drinking purposes and generating power while releasing water through its power plant

Role of Tehri Dam

2615 MCM Surplus Water is stored during monsoon period and released in non monsoon period as per requirement of d/s population

Most of the flood water is accommodated in the reservoir and saves d/s population p pfrom its havoc (recent examples are 2010 and 2013 floods)

Water released during non monsoon (Nov‐June ) period supports irrigation in 8.74 Lac Ha land of UP to increase food productionLac Ha land of UP to increase food production

40 Lakh Population of Delhi(300 Cusecs) and 30Lakh Population of UP (200 Cusecs) gets Drinking Water

It provides 1000MW peaking support to Northern Grid and annually 2797MU’s of energy (at 90% availability).In addition to this, 400MW KHEP power plant in D/s of Tehri HPP regulates the release of water as per drinking & irrigation requirement.

In addition to above, it increases generation of d/s projects by about 200MU’s and also supports development of infrastructure and tourism.

k d h fillType : Rock and Earth fill Height of dam : 260.5 mBase : 1128 mid hWidth at top : 25.5 m

Length at the top : 575 m

THDC India Ltd.THDC India Ltd.

5

Water Spread : 42 Water Spread : 42 KmKm22pp

Gross Storage : 3540 Gross Storage : 3540 MCMMCM

Live Storage : 2615 Live Storage : 2615 MCMMCMgg

Max. Flood Level : EL 835 mMax. Flood Level : EL 835 m

Full Reservoir Level : EL 830 mFull Reservoir Level : EL 830 m

MDDL : EL 740 mMDDL : EL 740 m


6

7

TEHRI DAM ( STAGE-I) 1000 MW

FRL EL 830 0 M

UPPER RESERVOIRUPPER RESERVOIR PSP TEHRI DAM ( STAGE-II) 1000 MW

FRL. EL. 830.0 M

MDDL. EL. 740.0 M

FRL. EL. 612.5 M MIN.LEVEL EL. 606 M

KOTESHWAR DAM 400 MWLOWER RESERVOIRLOWER RESERVOIR

TEHRI HPP KOTESHWAR HPP

L SECTION OF TEHRI HYDRO POWER COMPLEX

~ 22 KMKOTESHWAR HPP

L-SECTION OF TEHRI HYDRO POWER COMPLEX (UPPER AND LOWER RESERVOIRS)

8

9

Power HousePower House Under Under groundground

Cavern SizeCavern Size 197mX24mX63m197mX24mX63mCavern SizeCavern Size 197mX24mX63m197mX24mX63m

Type of TurbinesType of Turbines FrancisFrancis

Rated HeadRated Head 188 M188 MRated HeadRated Head 188 M188 M

SpeedSpeed 214.3 214.3 RPMRPM

Installed CapacityInstalled Capacity 4X2504X250 MWMWInstalled Capacity Installed Capacity 4X250 4X250 MWMW

Annual EnergyAnnual Energy 2797 2797 MUsMUs

Transmission SystemTransmission System 400400 KVKVTransmission SystemTransmission System 400 400 KVKV

10

11

MOSTMOST SUITABLESUITABLE TYPETYPE OFOF DAMDAM (WITH(WITH CENTRALCENTRAL CLAYCLAY CORE)CORE) ININ EARTHQUAKEEARTHQUAKE ZONESZONES ONONACCOUNTACCOUNT OFOF FLEXIBIITYFLEXIBIITY ANDAND CAPACITYCAPACITY TOTO ABSORBABSORB ENERGYENERGY..

LIBERALLIBERAL FREEFREE BOARDBOARD OFOF 99..55 MM ABOVEABOVE FRLFRL PROVIDEDPROVIDED TOTO PREVENTPREVENT OVERTOPPINGOVERTOPPING OFOFTHETHE DAMDAM..

COMPACTIONCOMPACTION OFOF SHELLSHELL MATERIALMATERIAL TOTO AA HIGHHIGH DENSITYDENSITY OFOF 22..3636 T/CUMT/CUM TOTO REDUCEREDUCESETTLEMENTSETTLEMENT ANDAND BUILDBUILD UPUP OFOF POREPORE PRESSUREPRESSURE DURINGDURING EARTHQUAKESEARTHQUAKES..

AA 2525..55 MM WIDEWIDE CRESTCREST PROVIDEDPROVIDED TOTO SAFEGUARDSAFEGUARD THETHE DAMDAM AGAINSTAGAINST THETHE EFFECTSEFFECTS OFOFMAGNIFICATIONMAGNIFICATION OFOF EARTHQUAKEEARTHQUAKE ACCELERATIONACCELERATION ATAT TOPTOP OFOF THETHE DAMDAM..

CONTD./…….CONTD./…….

12

AA LAYERLAYER OFOF FINEFINE FILTERFILTER CONSISTINGCONSISTING OFOF FINEFINE SANDSAND PROVIDEDPROVIDED ONON THETHE UPSTREAMUPSTREAM SIDESIDE OFOF CLAYCLAYCORECORE.. ININ UNLIKELYUNLIKELY EVENTEVENT OFOF CRACKINGCRACKING OFOF CORE,CORE, THISTHIS MATERIALMATERIAL WOULDWOULD GETGET WASHEDWASHED INTOINTOCRACKSCRACKS ANDAND SEALSEAL THEMTHEM..

CONTD./……CONTD./……

CRACKSCRACKS ANDAND SEALSEAL THEMTHEM..

DOWNSTREAMDOWNSTREAM FILTERSFILTERS (COARSE(COARSE && FINE)FINE) HAVEHAVE BEENBEEN PROVIDEDPROVIDED TOTO PREVENTPREVENT MIGRATIONMIGRATION OFOF FINEFINEPARTICLESPARTICLES OFOF CORECORE ININ THETHE EVENTEVENT OFOF ITSITS CRACKINGCRACKING..

FLATTERFLATTER U/SU/S ((22..55HH::11V)V) ANDAND D/SD/S ((22HH::11V)V) SLOPESSLOPES OFOF THETHE DAMDAM COMPAREDCOMPARED TOTO MANYMANY OTHEROTHER HIGHHIGHDAMSDAMS CONSTRUCTEDCONSTRUCTED ININ HIGHLYHIGHLY SEISMICSEISMIC REGIONREGION..

PROVISIONPROVISION OFOF INSPECTIONINSPECTION GALLERIESGALLERIES ATAT ELEL.. 725725MM && 835835 MMWITHINWITHIN THETHE CORECORE OFOF THETHE DAMDAM..

353353 NOSNOS INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS INSTALLEDINSTALLED TOTO MONITORMONITOR THETHE POREPORE PRESSUREPRESSURE SETTLEMENTSETTLEMENT SEEPAGESEEPAGE353353 NOSNOS.. INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS INSTALLEDINSTALLED TOTO MONITORMONITOR THETHE POREPORE PRESSURE,PRESSURE, SETTLEMENT,SETTLEMENT, SEEPAGE,SEEPAGE,TEMPERATURE,TEMPERATURE, ETCETC..

13

Arrangements for gFlood RegulationFlood Regulation

14

SPILLWAYSPILLWAY SYSTEMSYSTEM HASHAS BEENBEEN DESIGNEDDESIGNED FORFOR AA PMFPMF OFOF1554015540 CUMECSCUMECS ((11 inin 1000010000 Years)Years) CONSISTINGCONSISTING OFOFCHUTECHUTE SPILLWAYSPILLWAY ((54805480 CUMECS)CUMECS)LEFTLEFT BANKBANK SHAFTSHAFT SPILWAYSSPILWAYS(( 22XX19001900 CUMECSCUMECS EACHEACH ))..UNGATEDUNGATED RIGHTRIGHT BANKBANK SHAFTSHAFT SPILWAYS(SPILWAYS( 22XX19501950 CUMECSCUMECSEACHEACH )) ININ EVENTEVENT OFOF ANYANY EVENTUALITYEVENTUALITY ITIT WILLWILL OPERATEOPERATEEACHEACH )).. ININ EVENTEVENT OFOF ANYANY EVENTUALITYEVENTUALITY ITIT WILLWILL OPERATEOPERATEAUTOMATICALLYAUTOMATICALLY..

15

CHUTE SPILLWAY

Head : 220 MHead : 220 MType : Conventional Stilling Basin TypeMax Discharge : 5500 cumecsWidth : 39.5m at top 50m at toeRegulating Gates : Radial 15.5m

high/10.5m wide high/ 0.5m wideAerators : 3 nos on GlacisStilling Basin : 140 x 50 m

22m deep pool 55 m high walls

D/s River Bed : Protection by

Concrete Blocks

16

RIGHT BANK SHAFT SPILLWAYS

Head : 220 MType : Vertical ShaftsNos : 2 (Un‐gated)Intakes : Funnel type (34m dia)Total Discharge : 3900 cumecsVertical Shaft : 12m diaJunction with : Tangential with 6.0m tunnel opening De‐aeration System : Through a Separation Chamber and de‐aeration

shaft opening above MWLVelocity at toe : 45 m/s

17

18

LEFT BANK SHAFT SPILLWAYS

Head : 220 MType : Vertical ShaftsNos : 2 (Gated)Intakes : Tunnel type (80m long)Total Discharge : 3800 cumecsVertical Shaft : 12m diaJunction with : Tangential with 5.5m tunnel opening De‐aeration System : Through a Separation Chamber and de‐aeration

shaft opening in a Deaeration tunnelVelocity at toe : 45 m/s


19

20

P ti f Fl d bPrevention of Flood by Tehri Dam During JuneTehri Dam During June

2013

266080

300000

Actual observed inflow and outflow at Tehri

250387

219981

191169200000

250000Discha

112526

128342117798

107254

128519133545

151568

105224

150000

rge

in

33814

63852

86166

105224

87834

7459267972

4148950000

100000Cusecs

12359 12359 12535 12535 1500716650

0

0:00

2:00

4:00

6:00

8:00

10:00

12:00

14:00

16:00

18:00

20:00

22:00

0:00

2:00

4:00

6:00

8:00

10:00

12:00

14:00

16:00

18:00

20:00

22:00

0:00

2:00

4:00

6:00

8:00

10:00

16.6.13 17.6.13 18.6.1316.6.13 17.6.13 18.6.13

Date and Time

Outflow from Tehri Reservoir (Cusecs) Inflow Tehri (Cusecs)

539753555446

600000

Actual observed discharge of Ganga at Rishikesh and anticipated discharges after superimosing Tehri actual inflows with 10 hrs time lag

391402

491692

436397

379141400000

500000Discha

301900284246

230815

263579245316

261510

288218

331105319997

290425

220423

300000

arge

in

111227

141240 150421156070

193322

231281

257763

203915222453 222453

164191

13947412676378795

89089

220423

191998

147243

100000

200000Cusec

7450495337

11122778795

0

10:00

12:00

14:00

16:00

18:00

20:00

22:00

0:00

2:00

4:00

6:00

8:00

10:00

12:00

14:00

16:00

18:00

20:00

22:00

0:00

2:00

4:00

6:00

8:00

10:00

12:00

14:00

16:00

18:00

20:00

s

16.6.13 17.6.13 18.6.13

Date and Time

Actual inflow at Rishikesh ( Cusecs) Anticipated inflow at Rishikesh if actual inflows at Tehri superimposed with 10 hrs time lag (Cusecs)

759943

717996

800000

Actual observed discharge of Ganga at Haridwar and anticipated discharges after superimosing Tehri actual inflows with 12 hrs time lag

575356

698234717996

635996

569972

534833 544567600000

700000Disch

351005

397337

435110460382

510550

457362435110

413976394373

421961 434632

395171

456445

492233

455879

388507

342256

298581

400000

500000arge

in

171027

340184323711

300275

351005 340833

290363 279670

130269

298581

200000

300000n

Cusec

79140

83431

0

100000

12:00

14:00

16:00

18:00

20:00

22:00

0:00

2:00

4:00

6:00

8:00

10:00

12:00

14:00

16:00

18:00

20:00

22:00

0:00

2:00

4:00

6:00

8:00

10:00

12:00

14:00

16:00

18:00

20:00

22:00

s

16.6.13 17.6.13 18.6.13

Date and Time

Actual inflow at Haridwar ( Cusecs) Anticipated inflow at Haridwar if actual inflows at Tehri superimposed with 12 hrs time lag (Cusecs)

What is Food Security

Food Security“The ability of all people at all times to have both physical andThe ability of all people at all times to have both physical and economic assess to a sufficient amount of safe and nutritious food which meets their dietary needs and food preference for an active and healthy life”

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

Pillars of Food Security

Availability Access Stability Utilizationy y

Variables of Food Security

Distribution of additional water released from Tehri Resrvoir

Eastern Yamuna Canal

1100 Cuces

150Cusecs as 1100 Cuces

Agra Canal 1100

Drinking for UP & Delhi 500

Losses

Tehri HPP (4000 Cusecs)

CusecsDelhi 500 Cusecs

Eastern Ganga

Canal 1000

N. JasranaCanal 150 Cusec CusecCusec

The Study

‐ To evaluate the impact of increase in water availability in canal

y

p ycommand areas, THDCIL has engaged ICAR– Indian Institute of FarmingSystems Research, Modipuram, Meerut (U.P.) for the study titled “Studyof crop pattern and increase in agricultural produce due to release ofp p g pwater from Tehri Reservoir for irrigation purpose”.

‐ Time frame of study: 2008 – 2014.

‐ Study Area: 03 Canal systems (East Ganga Canal (EGC), East YamunaCanal (EYC) and Agra Canal Command (ACC).

Command Area of Three Different Canal systems getting b fit d f T h i R i W t R lbenefited from Tehri Reservoir Water Release

Eastern Ganga East Yamuna Agra Canal Command (ACC)Canal (EGC)

Haridwar Bijnor J P Nagar

Canal (EYC)

Muzaffar Baghpat Gaziabad

Agra Canal Command (ACC)

Upper Division Lower DivisionHaridwar Bijnor J.P. Nagar Nagar Baghpat Gaziabad Upper Division

Faridabad Mathura Palval Mewat

Lower Division

Agara Mathura BharatpurFaridabad Mathura Palval Mewat Agara Mathura Bharatpur

Physical & Climatic Conditions of Study Area

All these Districts fall under hot semi-arid agroecological region

Sub-tropical with dry hot summers and cold winters

Th l i f ll f 548 804The average annual rainfall ranges from 548-804 mm

About 80% is received through south-west monsoons during July to September and remaining is received in winter months

Average maximum and minimum temperatures are 45°C and 4.5°C

The crop and cropping systems are highly variable among these districts and intensity i d i d i h il bl d ivaried in accordance with available resources and input use.

Primary Data Collection

Baseline Data Collection:

100 farmers from ten villages (10 from each villages) in each canal command were selected and interviewed.

Conducted in Year 2008-09 The information on prevailing crops and cropping system, crop management practices

followed, ground water table status, farmer's socio-economic conditions and other available resources were collected with the help of pre-prepared questionnaires

Data Collection for analysing impact:Conducted in Year

In order to assess the impact of irrigation water release by Tehri reservoir on crops and cropping pattern, farmers’ socio-economic conditions, change in water table and other related farming aspects benchmark sites revisited during 2014

Conducted in Year 2011-14

Farmers in each selected village representing different holding size categories marginal (<1 ha), small (1-2 ha), medium (2-4 ha) and large (> 4 ha) were randomly chosen for this purpose.

Details of surveyed villages under EGC, EYC & ACC

S. No. Name of Village Block District No. of Farmer SurveyedEGC

1 Ali Bij Bij 101 Alipurman Bijnor Bijnor 102 Jatni Wala Kiratpur Bijnor 103 Kumharpur Haldour Bijnor 104 Kheda Kotwali Bijnor 104 Kheda Kotwali Bijnor 105 Kithoda Kiratpur Bijnor 106 Mochipura Najibabad Bijnor 107 Rahampur Kotwali Bijnor 10p j8 Rajopur Sadat Kotwali Bijnor 109 Salhakhedi Bghra Bijnor 10

10 Batpura Haldour Bijnor 10

Details of surveyed villages under EGC and EYC

EYCS. No. Name of Village Block District No. of Farmer Surveyed

EYC11 Badagaon Khekra Baghpat 1012 Bawli Badaut Baghpat 1013 Khekda Khekda Baghpat 1014 Mahrampur Khekda Baghpat 1015 Mubarikpur Khekda Baghpat 1016 Rataul Khekda Baghpat 1017 Saidpur Khekda Baghpat 1018 Vinaypur Badaut Baghpat 1019 Butrara Shamli Muzaffarnagar 10

20 Khanpur Shamli Muzaffarnagar 10

Details of surveyed villages under EGC and EYC

S. No. Name of Village Block District No. of Farmer Surveyed

ACCACC21 Kosi Khurd Gobardhan Mathura 1022 Makhera Gobardhan Mathura 1023 Sengha Gobardhan Mathura 1023 Sengha Gobardhan Mathura 1024 Nagla Jhinga Gobardhan Mathura 1025 Sanot Gobardhan Mathura 1026 Nagla Korai Fathepur Sikri Agra 10g p g27 Jajau Fathepur Sikri Agra 1028 Bharkol Fathepur Sikri Agra 1029 Sahai Achhnera Agra 1030 Nagra Achhnera Agra 10

Results & Discussions: East Ganga Canal (EGC) Command and East Yamuna Canal (EYC) Command

Change in Irrigated Cropped

East Ganga Canal (EGC) commandg pp

AreaOverall the total irrigated areas for Kharif season in EGC through canal command were increased from 33794 ha in 2009 to 46746 ha in 2013 and for Rabi season from 0 ha in 2009 to 16383 ha in 2013

East Yamuna Canal(EYC) Command

O ll th t t l i i t d f Kh if i EYC th h lOverall the total irrigated areas for Kharif season in EYC through canal command were increased from 20050 ha in 2009 to 42055 ha in 2013 and for Rabi season from 13834 ha in 2009 to 25476 ha in 2013.There was continuous increase in irrigation cropped area with passes of time.


1800050000

Rabi Kharif Change over Initial‐ Kharif Change over Initial‐ Rabi

EGC

12000

14000

16000

8000

35000

40000

45000

50000

al (H

a)

rea

(Ha)

EGC

6000

8000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Han

ge O

ver

Initi

a

l Irr

igat

ed A

r

0

2000

4000

0

5000

10000

15000

CH

Tota

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Year


2500045000

Rabi Kharif Change over Initial ‐ Kharif Change over initial ‐ Rabi

EYC

15000

20000

30000

35000

40000

Initi

al (H

a)

Are

a (H

a)

10000

15000

15000

20000

25000

Cha

nge

Ove

r I

al Ir

riga

ted

A

0

5000

0

5000

10000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

C

Tota

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Year


Effect on Crop Coverage :EGC

Highest increase in area of sugarcane based cropping system was recorded (6 6%) h d i i i h i d d i hCoverage :EGC (6.6%) whereas a reduction in rice‐wheat system area was noticed during the period.

Such results clearly demonstrate that the conventional cropping system was hif d d h lik b d ishifted towards cash crop like sugarcane based cropping system.

On the other hand, the area of the fruit crop and vegetable were also i d ( % d %) h i i i l b h kincreased (0.25% and 0.45%) over the initial benchmark area coverage.

Such changes in area of fruits and vegetable crops may be ascribed due to the l il bili f i i i h h h i iregular availability of irrigation water through Tehri reservoir


EGCEGC

24%BEFORE 23%

EGCAFTER

5%2%

1%

2%

59%2%4%

2%

66%2%1%

1%

2%

2%1%1%2%

2%


Effect on Crop C EYC

Change in sugarcane and rice‐wheat based system were smaller as compared Coverage :EYC to EGC (Fig. 16 and 17). Change under sugarcane and rice based system was

only 0.96% and 0.75%.

Crops like mustard, potato, vegetable, fodder and fruit crops had 0.17%, 0.03%, 0.37%, 0.07% and 0.17% additional area coverage over their benchmark.

On the other hand, a decline in potato and other minor crops (0.18% to 2.24%) was also noticed.


EYC EYC

25%

EYCBEFORE 25.5%

EYCAFTER

1%

3%0.5%

1%

64%%

1%

2%

1%

65%2%

1%2%

64%2%1%

1% 65%2%1%


Crop Productivity Annual production increase due to additional water availability in all the crops lexcept pulses

The differences were highest for cash crops like sugarcane, potato, vegetable and some minor crops

With the water availability farmers started using good quality seed and other inputs and resultant yields were improved

Increased unit productivity encouraged several farmers of these canal command some of these also started growing vegetable and fruit crop for higher economic gain


17970001680163.2

Crop Productivity: Major Crop

1197000

1397000

1597000

1797000

1324910.1

N (TONNES)

397000

597000

797000

997000

PRODUCT

ION

‐3000

197000

397000

42896.6 58790.713645.6 20617.8501.3 1323.1

‐36.8 ‐66.2‐275.4 ‐1199.1

CROP

EGC EYC

EGC EYCEGC EYCWheat Sugarcane Potato Mustard Pulse Crop Other Crops

Difference in Production of Major Crops before and after supplemental irrigation water in EGC and EYC Command


677049.5

Crop Productivity: Straw/Stover/Fodder

500000

600000

700000

499853.5

677049.5

es)

Rice Residue

Wheat Residue

300000

400000

500000

duct

ion

(ton

ne

Wheat Residue

Sugarcane (f)

Sorghum (f)

0

100000

20000032884.1 53134.851194.1 74000.58309.9 10465.6

Prod

0 EGC EYC

Difference in Production of Straw/Stover/Fodder before and after supplemental irrigation water in EGC and EYC Command


Change in Economic profile

In the study area, farmers were mostly having crops and dairy enterprise for h i li l h dEconomic profile their lively hood

EGC : After the release of supplemental irrigation water from Tehri reservoir, h h f h i l h i l bl d i lthe share of the agriculture crop, horticulture crop, vegetable crop and animal husbandry in total income is 88%, 2%, 2% and 8%, respectively in EGC

EYC: In different agricultural enterprises of EYC were 91% through agriculture crop, 2% h h h i l 2% h h bl d 5% h h i lthrough horticulture crop, 2% through vegetable crop and 5% through animal husbandry

These results clearly reveal that with the availability of additional irrigation water enterprise diversification also took place and introduction of cash crops horticultureenterprise diversification also took place and introduction of cash crops, horticulture crops and intensified live‐stock brought out more economic gain among the farmers in both the command area

Results & Discussions

Estimated Economic gain

Change in economic gain in both the canal command was worked out by d d d f l d d f dEconomic gain

through agriculture enterprise

deducting estimated price of agriculture produce during 2009 from estimated price of produce during 2014

EGC:The average annual income from rice grain, rice straw, wheat grain, wheat straw, sugarcane, sugarcane fodder, potato, mustard and fodder crop were Rs.155.7,Rs.2.1,Rs.114.0,Rs.36.0,Rs.674.0,Rs.70.5,Rs.22.3,Rs.6.8 andRs.1.6 cr./annum respectively in EGC commandEGC: Comparing over initial benchmark gain due to supplemental irrigation p g g pp gwater were ofRs.74.7,Rs.1.0,Rs.58.3,Rs.17.9,Rs.371.0,Rs.37.5,Rs.10.9,Rs.1.4 andRs.0.6 cr./ annum in EGC command during 2014

EYC: Such annual net gain in EYC canal command due to rice grain, rice straw, wheat grain wheat straw sugarcane sugarcane fodder potato mustard andwheat grain, wheat straw, sugarcane, sugarcane fodder, potato, mustard and fodder crops wereRs.130.1,Rs.1.6,Rs.80.0,Rs.25.9,Rs.470.0,Rs.50.8,Rs.16.5 andRs.0.8 cr./annum, respectively


Estimated Economic gain Contribution of vegetable and horticulture crops in economic Economic gain through horticulture enterprise

g pgrowth of both canal commands were also worked out

During 2014 the estimated revenue through vegetables, mangoand guava were Rs.21.9, Rs.15.3 and Rs.2.9 cr./annum,respectively which was higher by Rs.26.5 cr./annum asrespectively which was higher by Rs.26.5 cr./annum ascompared to the initial benchmark i.e. (estimated revenueduring 2009) in EGC command. The similar gain in EYC over initialbenchmark wasRs.37.1 cr./annum


Effect of livestock productivity

The major population of animals in the surveyed villages wereproductivity buffalo and cow, he buffalo and bullocks.

Among these buffalo population were apparently more in all the canal commandcanal command

In general, the total numbers of milch and draft animalpopulation were more in EGC as compared to the EYC command

The population of dairy animal were recorded in all thebenchmark villages of EGC and EYC command.

Ch i li t k/ d i i l l d dChange in live‐stock/ dairy animal were also recorded overbenchmark years (2009) in these villages during 2014.


Effect of livestock productivity On an average an increase of 26% and 40% live‐stock populationproductivity g p p

was noticed in EGC and EYC due to additional water supply

Increase in animal population had direct influence on dairyproduce. It was recorded that the Farm Yard Manure (FYM)production, cow dung upla production and milk production wereincreased by 25.4%, 36.2% and 37.3%, respectively in EGC and36.08%, 47.81% and 8.01%, respectively in EYC command


Estimated Overall Economic gain

The total revenue generation from all the pre‐dominantEconomic gain through all enterprise

enterprises of EGC and EYC was estimated and change over initialbench mark was worked out.Among various enterprises maximum gain ofRs.573 cr./annum in

/EGC andRs.778 cr./ annum in EYC was noted with agricultureenterprises. Contribution of other enterprises viz. horticulture,vegetables and live‐stock were Rs.11 cr./annum,Rs.15 cr./annumandRs 51 cr /annum in EGC andRs 18 cr /annum Rs 19 cr /annumandRs.51 cr./annum in EGC andRs.18 cr./annum,Rs.19 cr./annumandRs.40 cr./annum in EYC.

Summing all these enterprise revenue gain, a sum ofRs.1506Summing all these enterprise revenue gain, a sum ofRs.1506cr./annum additional benefit was estimated from both the canalcommand


Enterprise Estimated Revenue (Rs. Cr.)

EGC EYCEGC EYC

Agriculture 572.9 778.1

Horticulture 11.18 18.03

Vegetable 15.3 19.1

Live-stokes 51 39.9

Net Gain in Revenue 650.3 855.2

Estimated revenue gain due to supplemental irrigation water availability


Water Table Depth

Water table depth was measured from 10 locations of each canal Depth command site.

The differential water aquifer during the study period clearlyindicates a positive effect of irrigation water supply andimprovement in water aquifer was noted at all the benchmarklocation of EGC and EYC command.

The importance of water table had also added advantages like,reduced cost of tube well installation, effect on crop growth dueto capillary rise and improved ecosystem servicesto capillary rise and improved ecosystem services


Canal C

Water tableComm

and Kharif Rabi Summer

BSIW ASIW BSIW ASIW BSIW ASIW

Range Mode Range Mode Range Mode Range Mode Range Mode Range Mode

EGC 28-78 48 20-62 32 29-78 35 20-62 32 30-76 35 25-65 35

EYC 40-110

55 33-90 50 40-100 60 35-95 55 42-110 70 36-95 55

Water Table Depth (ft) in different canal commands


Sources of Irrigation

In the EYC command, almost the entire area was irrigated except 4%Irrigation cropped area in Khekra block of Baghpat District which was rain‐fed at

onset of the study i.e. 2008‐09.

It is pertinent to mention here that in EYC command, most of the area p ,was under tube‐well irrigation.

During 2008‐09 in EGC, sufficient canal irrigation water was available inKharif season only but its availability was completely restricted duringy y p y gRabi season and farmers use to only irrigate their field through tubewells.

After release of supplemental irrigation water these canal commandh d d d l i i i i d b % ihad reverse trend and canal irrigation area increased by 43% in EGCand 37% in EYC command.


Sources of Irrigation Dependence on tube‐well irrigation was reduced. Which Irrigation p g

indicated the net saving of energy cost, installation and maintenance cost of tube wells.

Although these cost were not taken accurate in this study, otherwise net benefit would have been much higher than the reported here.

In EGC, canal irrigated area increased sufficiently during Rabi season, which has recorded significant productivity gain of different crops and farming system of the EGC command

Results & Discussions: Agra Canal Command (ACC)

Changes in Productivity

Change in productivity under different pre‐dominant crops of KharifProductivity and Rabi seasons were assessed based on the yield data recorded from

a unit area during the benchmark survey made in the year 2008 and 2011.

The percent difference during the period in each crops productivity was used for extrapolation of data for whole canal command.

The increase in irrigated land and net productions of different crops of Agra canal commands were observed due to additional irrigation

t l f T h i R iwater release from Tehri Reservoir


Crop Lower Division Canal Upper Division CanalDistrict Total

AreaDistrict Total

AreaAgra Mathura Bharatpur Faridabad Mathura Palval

KharifSugarcane 23 15 1 39 0 15 177 191

Rice 1651 4147 42 5841 217 4147 3707 8072Vegetables 359 55 2 416 4 55 70 128Sorghum 774 495 5 1274 0 495 7 502Sorghum,

Pearl Millet774 495 5 1274 0 495 7 502

Forest Cotton 47 9 0 56 0 9 4 13

Fodder 1304 1476 21 2801 10 1476 489 1975RabiRabi

Sugarcane 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0Potato 1431 473 11 1916 0 473 130 603

Vegetables 299 37 2 338 10 37 661 708Wheat, Barley, 8270 7640 486 16403 196 7647 23220 31062

ChickpeaPea, Mustard,

Lentil1206 851 21 2078 0 851 34 885

Total Area (ha) of different agricultural crops under ACC


Crop

Lower Division Canal Upper Division CanalNet Production on both divisionTotal Production Total Production

KharifSugarcane 517 3593 4110

Rice 5677 16661 22338Vegetables 2893 2974 5867

Sorghum, Pearl Millet 711 909 1620Forest Cotton 1 1 2

Fodder 32047 46741 78788Fodder 32047 46741 78788Rabi

Sugarcane 11 0 11Potato 26125 293 26418

Vegetables 2586 526 3112

Increase in production (tonnes) of different crops of Agra canal commands

Vegetables 2586 526 3112Wheat, Barley, Chickpea 12519 18893 31412

Pea, Mustard, Lentil 1018 400 1418


Change in Economic profile

The overall gain as assessed based on estimated yield Economic profile

g yimprovement under different crops multiplying with their unit price.

In Lower Division Canal the total annual economic gain in Kharif season due to agricultural produce was Rs.98,56,30,346 which was comparatively higher than that of Rabi season crops i.e. Rs 49 71 02 851Rs.49,71,02,851.

In total an extra profit of Rs.148.27 Crores was observed due to additional 1100 cusec water release from Tehri reservoir in lower di i i ldivision canal.


Change in E i fil

In Upper Division Canal the annual benefit due to additional water release Economic profile was estimated up to Rs.50.05 Crores.

Combining the gains by both canal divisions, the overall annual economic benefit for Agra Canal Command was of Rs.198.32 Crores.

The economic gain was estimated for agricultural produce only and other farming systems enterprises like diary and livestock, poultry, fisheries etc. were not taken into consideration due to non‐availability of secondary data set on canal command basis,consideration due to non availability of secondary data set on canal command basis, otherwise the total estimation would have been much higher than the estimated value.

Other Impacts in Command Area

Intangible Benefits

Owing to improvement in agriculture, horticulture and crops yields, Benefits command areas are becoming more prosperous and attracts nearby

investor which develops new markets and opportunities for local and also decreases their migration to big cities.

There was a major concern regarding the irrigation systems, especially, that provided by large dams is that it benefits only large farmers.

However, study of Tehri Command Area revealed that farmers of villages with different holding size categorises marginal (<1Ha), small (1 2 h ) di (2 4 h ) d l ( 4 h ) b fit d d(1‐2 ha), medium (2‐4 ha) and large (>4 ha ) were benefited and produces more crops

CONCLUSION

In today scenario, when India’s water crises is often perceived to have been perpetuated bythe widening gap between the utilizing water resources and aggregating demand for water inagriculture and other sectors.

It is pertinent and prudent to argue that limited availability of usable water could usedjudiciously and carefully. In such scenario multiple use of water through multipurposepower project could relive the country in fighting against scarcity of drinking water,Irrigation and generating power and narrowing the demand and supply gap of basicg g g p g pp y g pnecessities.

Tehri HPP is an exemplar of multipurpose project for supply drinking water, irrigationand power to northern grid with a commitment to achieve the social and nationalobjectives.Study was under taken to characterize the existing farming situation in East Gangaand East Yamuna Canal command to evaluate the impact of additional/supplemental irrigation water availability on crop productivity and farming systempp g y p p y g ydynamics during 2008 to 2014.

CONCLUSION

Study reveals a tangible increase in irrigated cropped area productivity and farm income with supplemental of irrigation water availabilitysupplemental of irrigation water availability.

Such changes were accrued to due to diversification/ intensification of cropping pattern, improved farming system and integration of modern agro-techniques.

With the availability of supplemental irrigation water not only improved the gross cultivatedWith the availability of supplemental irrigation water not only improved the gross cultivated area and crop productivity but also improvement in underground water aquifer was noticed, which has paramount significance on different socio- economic aspects along with ecosystem services.

The significance of additional water availability on overall farming systems improvementThe significance of additional water availability on overall farming systems improvement was also noticed in terms of farmer’s livelihood improvement in both the canal command.

The total annual economic gain due to release of water is approximately Rs. 1700 Cr.

Government & Nonprofit

27 nov16 role_of_tehri_dam_in_increasing_food_production_in_the_command_area_of_canals_utilising_additional_water_released_from_tehri_reservoir