Alignment of Egyptian National Action Plan to combat

Desertification, Land Degradation and drought (DLDD)

(2014-2024)

DRCUNCCD

Content

Introduction:- Linkage of UNCCD to other

Global efforts

- Overview of Egyptian Nap 2005-2014

Relational for preparing the alignment of Egyptian NAP for 10 years of the Strategy

- Strategic Objectives - Operational objectives

Agro-ecological Zones in Egypt-The North Coastal Zone

-The Nile Valley and Delta-Inland Sinai & Eastern Desert

-Western Desert

Physiography

- Location-Climate - Water resources

- Soil resources

Sand dunesSoil erosion

Natural vegetationRangelandsHuman resources

Agriculture- Crop production- Cultivated areas

- Cropping pattern

Sand dunesSoil erosion

Natural vegetationRangelandsHuman resources

Agriculture- Crop production- Cultivated areas

- Cropping pattern

Desertification Aspects

- Causes of desertification - Processes of desertification

- Impact of desertification - Drought

- Climate Change - Water resources, shortage and strategy of

Water use

- Sand dune movement - Soil erosion

- Flora Rangeland - Livestock production

- Fish production - Anthropogenic impact

- Legislative Efforts to adness DLDD

An Overview

The Egyptian National Action Plan was submitted to the Secretariat of the United Nation Convention to Combat Desertification in May 2005 by the Desert Research Centre , (Ministry of Agriculture) , the Focal Point of the UNCCD in Egypt, to fulfil the requirements of the UNCCD under its Articles 9 and 10.

This work was done under the partenaria of the Ministry of Agriculture and Land reclamation, Desert Research Centre(the focal point of the UNCCD in Egypt) ,Executive Authority for Land Protection), Ministry State for Environmental Affairs ( -Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency, EEAA), Ministry of water resources and Irrigation, National Authority for Remote Sensing &Space Science( NARSSS),NEG’s, Ministry of foreign Affairs, Ministry of Local Development.

The Egyptian National Action Plan 2005-2012 is purposeful on sustainable management of land degradation in the four ecological zones of Egypt:• The North Coastal Zone• The Nile Valley and Delta• The Western Desert• The Eastern Desert and Inland Sinai peninsula

The main thematic programs were as follows-:1 -Desertification Assessment Monitoring.

1-1 Capacity building. Self assessment of National capacity building needs to help stakeholders.Measure their capabilities.Define their priorities and constraints.

To Develop manpower in environmental management all over the country  

2-Program for irrigated agriculture 2-1 Irrigation improvement.

To increase irrigation water management and agric. productivity of Egypt's old lands taking into considerations the irrigation delivery system, on farm level, technical, economic, environmental and social factors impacting water management.Practiced on old Agric lands and newly reclaimed areas.

2-2 The integrated irrigation management plan (IMP). Preparation and implementation of integrated water management plan.Expansion and up- scaling of water user organization.Irrigation and drainage infrastructure and facilities.Environmental management & on farm improved water use.Old agric. land and newly cultivated ones.

Land improvement. 2-3 Application of amendments, sub-soiling, land levelling and improvement of drainage and other management practices that increase the land productivity in the Nile Delta and Valley as well as the newly reclaimed lands

2-4 Water and land pollution control .Survey & monitor the locations & impacts of industrial pollutants discharged to water & soil resources.

Initiating data base of pollution sources, types of pollutants, extension migration and impacts.Methods & technologies to treat, minimize and curtail the discharge.

2-5 Environmental pollution in Wadi El-Rayan depression

-Reuse of drainage water through blending strategy or using drainage water solely as in wadi El – Rayan which contributes to pollution of CI, NO3 , heavy metals & organo- metal complexes that should be monitored and assess their risks.

-Management scheme to control pollution. -Raise awareness on hazards.

2-6 Safe use of treated sewage water for afforestation.Some selected remote areas of desert lands close to waste water treatment plants to dispose waste water for afforestation and prevent its hazardous effect.

3 -Rehabilitation, conservation and use of range resources.3-1 Artificial revegetation of depleted range

Artificial revegetaion and / or planting of seedlings of the fodder for whole sub-projects, shrubs to increase forage and livestock production. This is accomplished through using proven techniques, sites with high potential , seeds of tested forage

species , protection against grazing , ….etc .

3-2 Conservation of soil and water resources.The areas suggested for this sub-project are W. Al-Arish , SW Sinai , W. Hederba and W. Halayeb where soil and water conservation including control of wind & water erosion , securing soil fertility & stability and increasing water use

efficiency. Construction of sizeable dams, gully plugs, contour terracing trenches, furrows pitting & water harvesting , management of

watershed areas, …. etc .

3-3 Grazing management.The sub-project aims at improving plant communities , livestock performance , soil stability & water –shed management, restoring vigor of forage plants and improve grazing schedule. This program will be devoted to N Coastal Zone, Sinai &shalateen-Halayeb district.

4 -Rainfed agriculture. 4-1 Land use planning .

Scheduling land use patterns for the northern coastal zone to include rehabilitation of ranges, desertification activities, expansion of touristic resorts , areas irrigated from El- Hammam canal, rain fed cereals, and infrastructures for urban, travel and industrial activities.This word is aided by GIS data.

4-2 Experimental cloud seedling.This sub-project focuses on cloud seedling to overcome aridity and desertification.

This will be implemented over the vulnerable districts especially those far from the Nile fiver.Use of innovative and effective approaches to grow plants in the desert.

Experimental work will be conducted in the Northern coastal zone, Tushka (Western Desert)

4-3 Improving livestock performance.This sub-project aimed at increasing animal productivity through cross-breeding and veterinary services, provide green fodders (silage).

Saving losses in feeds and other practices to improve nutritive value and feed conversion efficiency to improve animal productivity and maximize profitability

4-4 Improving small ruminant production in N. Sinai.The sub-project includes improving feeding and nutritional through biotechnology of agricultural residues, fodder shrubs, natural ranges, improving animal management as well as veterinary care and protection of livestock from endemic diseases and malnutrition to increase animal productivity and sustainability.

 4-5 Soil erosion control.

This sub-project focused on soil erosion rates by water and wind in the NCZ, preparing a data base on erosion to find out the most efficient methods for controlling soil erosion and maintain soil conservation for sustainable use.

5- Program for sand dunes stabilization.5-1 Control of sand encroachment on High Dam Lake.

This – project aims to control sand movement to the High Dam lake via establishing successive green belts crossing wind direction.

This will also contribute to improvement of local climate and environmental conditions, plant species will be drought-resistance for the prevailed hyper arid condition

5-2 Stabilization of sand dune in Siwa OasisThis sub-project deals with controlling sand encroachment using mechanical , chemical and biological measures.

This also includes the use of drainage water in fixation to alleviate drainage problem in this Oasis .besides, transfer of mobile dunes to agricultural lands.

5-3 Stabilization of shifting sand dunes in N. Sinai.This sub-project aimed at formulating a master plan for the control of shifting dunes in N. Sinai and to establish 2 pilot areas to test the biological measures for dunes fixation and their proper management practices.

Referring to the previous programs the most important deliverables from the Egyptian NAP (2008-2014) during the

implementation of the Plan are-:In spite of the several succeeded story and different

outcomes, the Egyptian 

NAP confronted several challenges and constraints during the period of implementation (2008-2014). These include absence of institutional capacities and arrangement of many department responsible of applying and executing a lot of work in time and with favourable measures , lack of financing and information, communication between the different ministers rise and agencies then collecting the data concerning the desertification

seems to be somewhat difficult.

The governmental , private sector and the non-governmental organization have contributed deeply in this problematic subjects with good achievement , but so difficult to monitor and

register and be available for studies and processing .

Thank you