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1
Administration of Pharmacologic Agents
Prescription Elements/ Abbreviations
Five Rights
Dosage Routes & Forms
The ALLERGY Reaction
3
Prescription Orders
RX–Verbal orders
–Telephone orders
–Written orders
–E-fill
4
Prescription Elements ~~~ Patient’s name,
address, phone #, dob Date the Rx was
written Name of the
drug/device Strength, amount &
refills Signa – directions for
use
Prescriber’s name, title, address, phone #
Calif. License #, DEA number
DAW (Dispense as Written)
Prescriber’s signature
5
Pharmacy Abbreviations ~~~
Measurement (Amounts)
Bodily Functions (Conditions)
Route Form (Delivery
System)
Drug References Time of
Administration Site of Administration
(Part of the Body) Pharmacy Instruction
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Five Rights of Drug Administration
Right Medicine Right Amount Right Time Right Route Right Patient #6! Right Documentation
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Reasons for Different Routes of Administration
Convenience Preferred route is unavailable Rapid onset of action is desired Target delivery of drug to specific site of
action Prolong duration of action
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DosageRoutes Forms Oral (by mouth)
– Swallowed
– SL
– Buccal
Parenteral (injection)– IV,IM,SQ
Topical– Applied to surface of
skin or mucous membranes
Tabs, caps, sol, elix, susp, lozenges, etc..
Solutions & suspensions
Ung, crm, ltn, otic, opth, inhalants, suppos
Rectal/vaginal Nasogastral
The ALLERGIC Reaction
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Four Type of Allergic Reactions
Type I (anaphylactic reaction)– Immediate reaction that occurs in a previously
sensitized person.– sudden, severe bronchospasm & hypotension,
followed by rapid death.– N/V/convulsions, cyanosis, vascular collapse,
cardiac arrest.– Sample drugs: penicillins and cephalosporins.– TX: antihistamines, epinephrine &
bronchodilators.
12
Type of Allergic Reactions cont.
Type II (cytotoxic reaction)– Autoimmune response involving drug and IgG or IgM.– Drugs: methyldopa, PCN, quinidine, procainamide– TX- remove medication
Type III (immune complex-serum sickness)– Delayed fever, angioedema, swollen lymph nodes– Drugs: PCN, Sulfas, Phenytoin
Type IV (delayed hypersensitivity reaction– Direct skin contact inflammatory reaction– Poison ivy/oak
The ALLERGIC Response
15
Natural Chemicals & Response
Histamines*blood vessels dilate
*increase capillary permeability/edema
*uticaria/dermatitis
*rhinitis
*decrease vascular resistance/blood pressure
*increase GI secretions
*bronchial constriction
Prostaglandins*uterine spasms
*relax arterial smooth muscle
*decrease BP
*increase HR/CO/RBF
*increase loss of H20 and Na+
*increase GI secretions
*increase pain & inflammation
Leukotrienes*edema
*increase mucus secretions
*10-1000 times more potent than Histamine
16
Summary Slide Understand the 5 /6
rights Recognize common
dosage forms Know routes of
administration Factors that influence
drugs effects Natural chemicals
action & response