Lect -male reproductive organs

MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

SMS ??????

Dr. Mohanad r. alwan

EXTERNAL GENITALIA OF THE MALE

PENIS

TESTIS

EPIDIDYMIS

VAS DEFERENS

EXTERNAL GENITALIA

PENIS

• Male organ of copulation

• Outlet for urine and semen

PENIS

• male organ through which the urethra passes

• and is necessary for urination and sexual intercourse.

PENIS• Root

• Body

• Glans Penis

• Anterior – Dorsal surface

• Posterior – Ventral surface

ROOT OF THE PENIS

• The root is attached to the abdominal and pelvic wall.

• Crura – a pair

• Bulb

ROOT OF THE PENIS

• midline

• urogenital diaphragm

• traversed by urethra

BODY : 3 ERECTILE CAVERNOUSTISSUE

2 corpus cavernosum

1 corpus spongiosum

tunica albuginea

in buck’s fascia (superficial fascia)

BODY – CROSS SECTION

Ischial tuberosity

Corpus cavernosum

Corpus spongiosum

Fig. : A. Penis. B. Cross section through the body of penis Back

BODY

BODY

GLANS PENIS

Distal end of the corpus spongiosum

2 Corpus cavernosum do not reach the glans

Base – Corona of Glans

Neck of penis

Corpus cavernosum

Corpus spongiosum

GLANS PENIS external

urethral meatus

prepuce connected to the glans by the frenulum

prepuce sac

prepuce glands (sebaceous glands)

smegma (carcinogenic)

GLANS PENIS

Fossa navicularis – part of urethra in the glans penis

VENOUS DRAINAGE

INTERNAL PUDENDAL VEINS

VESICOPROSTATIC PLEXUS

Lymphatic drainage - Penis

Skin into the medial group of the superficial inguinal LN

Deep structures into the internal iliac nodes

Male UrethraA tubular structure which conducts urine from the bladder to

the exterior at the external urinary meatus at the tip of the penis

In male it is a common pathway for the flow of urine and semen

Parts

Internal urethral meatusProstatic urethraMembranous urethra – the shortest and narrowest – from

the prostate gland to the bulb of the penis, after passing through the perineal membrane

The penile urethra lies in the corpus spongiosum of the penis and terminates at the external urethral orifice in the glans penis

Two urethral sphincters

The internal sphincter – smooth muscle at the neck of the bladder above the prostate gland

The external sphincter – striated muscle fibres surrounding the membranous part

» Outpouching of the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall

» Contains testes, epididymis, lower ends of the spermatic cord

•The scrotum is a loose pouch of skin that hangs outside the body from the lower abdominal region behind the penis.

•The testes sit inside the scrotum.

What is the scrotum?

The Testes (two egg-shaped structures) remain in the Scrotum, outside the body, where the temperature is about 3 degrees C Cooler than the body internal temperature (37 degrees C).

Sperm development in the Testes Requires the Lower Temperature.

1. Scrotal skin

2. Superficial or Dartos fascia

3. External spermatid fascia

4. Cremaster muscle & fascia

5. Internal spermatid fascia

6. Parietal layer of tunica vaginalis

7. Visceral layer of tunica vaginalis

8. Tunica albuginea of testis

Fig. : Cross section through scrotum & testis

8 layers covering the testis :

(External oblique apo)

(Internal oblique muscle & fascia)

(Transversalis fascia)

(Peritoneum)

(Peritoneum)

Spermatid cordContents

- Ductus deferens

- Testicular artery

- Artery of the ductus deferens

- Cremasteric artery

- Pampiniform plexus

- Sympathetic nerve fibres

- Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

- Lymphatic vessels

Lymphatic drainage -scrotum Skin and fascia

including the tunica vaginalis into the Medial group of the Superficial inguinal LN

Deep structures into the internal iliac nodes

Firm, mobile organ

In the scrotum (3° lower)

Left testis is lower

Surrounded by tunica albuginea

Testis

Back

TESTIS - CAPSULE

visceral layer of tunica vaginalis

tunica albuginea

tunica vasculosa

Dense fibroelastic conn. tissue

Network of blood vessels

TESTIS – CAPSULE

Back

Accumulation of urine & blood (straddle injury) in the cavity of tunica vaginalis

TESTIS

Lobules

Seminiferous tubules

Straight tubules

Rete Testis

Efferent Ductules

Back

TESTIS –PAMPINIFORM PLEXUS

Venous plexus (posterior border of the testis) level of deep inguinal ring – a single testicular

veins left into left renal vein & right into IVC

BLOOD SUPPLY

TESTICULAR ARTERIES

TESTICULAR VEINS

Lymphatic drainage - testis

para-aortic lymph nodes anastomosis with para-

aortic intrathoracic LN cervical LN TESTIS NECK

EPIDIDYMIS

All sperm must pass through the epididymis when they leave the testis and undergo an important 'maturation' process that allows them to swim and fertilize the egg.

What is the epididymis?

Highly coiled tube (or duct) that lies at the back of the testes (POSTEROLATERAL)

Connects the seminiferous tubules in the testis to another single tube called the vas deferens.

Lies posterolateral to the testis

Head, body, tailSinus epididymis -

laterally (groove between the testis and epididymis)

EPIDIDYMIS

What is the vas deferens?

• the tube that connects the epididymis to the urinary tract (urethra) at the back of the bladder, via the ejaculatory duct.

• The main function of the vas deferens and ejaculatory duct is to transport the mature sperm and seminal fluid to the urethra.

Vas deferens – scrotal portions

• Anatomical location: scrotal, inguinal and reproperitoneal portions.

• ascends along the posterior border of the testis and medial side of the epididymis

(posteromedial to the testis)

Vas deferens – inguinal portion

• curves around the lateral side of the inferior epigastric artery

• and ascends for about 2.5 cm. in front of the external iliac artery

Vas deferens – pelvic cavity

• Descends on the medial side of the obliterated umbilical artery and the obturator nerve and vessels

VAS DEFERENS

VASECTOMY

» a tube that is formed by the joining of the vas deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle.

» empties into the urethra.

Seminal vesicles

Fibromuscular pouches lined with columnar epithelium

Lie on the posterior aspect of the bladder Lower end : a duct joins vas deferens and forms

an ejaculatory ductEjaculatory ducts pass through prostatic urethra

carrying seminal fluid and spermatozoa to the urethra

The seminal vesicles secrete and expel a viscous fluid that helps to keep the spermatozoa alive

» main function is to produce a fluid which protects and enriches sperm.

» Secretions from the prostate contribute to approximately 40% of the fluid volume ( SEMEN) of the ejaculate however the functions of the substances in the prostatic fluid are not entirely known.

» a small yet important organ (or gland) found only in the male reproductive system.

LOCATION OF THE PROSTATE

Urinary bladder

PROSTATE

Urogenital diaphragm

* Lies in the lesser pelvis (pelvic cavity)

* Surrounds the prostatic urethra

* Beneath the urinary bladder and above the urogenital diaphragm

Fig. : Sagittal section

Fig. : Posterior view

LOBES OF THE PROSTATE

Anatomically, prostate are divided into 5 lobes :

1)One anterior lobe

2)One posterior lobe

3)One median or middle lobe

4)Two lateral lobes

PROSTATE GLANDLOBES

• 1 anterior lobe

• 1 posterior lobe

• 1 median lobe

• 2 lateral lobes

Anatomically divide

Prostatic urethra & ejaculatory duct

CAPSULES OF THE PROSTATE Prostate is surrounded by 2 capsules

They are the true capsule and false capsule

Prostatic urethra Glands of urethra

Prostatic sinus

Urethra crest

Prostatic venous plexus

True capsule

False capsule

• Inner layer

• A thin strong layer of connective tissue at the periphery of the gland

• Outer layer

• A condensation of pelvic fascia

• between the 2 capsules

Horizontal section

ANOTHER CLASSIFICATION OF THE PROSTATE Prostate consists of:

1) Peripheral zone

2) Central zone

The glandular tissues is distributed in 3 separated groups:

a) Mucosal glands

b) Submucosal glands

c) Main or principal glands

Fig. : Cross section of the prostate

CENTRAL ZONE

PERIPHERAL ZONE

• account for 25% to 75% of glandular tissues

• duct of the glands mainly open into prostatic sinuses

• surrounded by peripheral zone

• duct of the glands open into prostatic sinuses and colliculus seminalis

Back

Mucosal glands

Submucosal glands

Main/Principal glands


Mucosal glands

• inner periurethral glands

• lies in the mucosal layer of the urethra

• open directly into the urethra

• situated in the middle lobe


Submucosal glands

• outer periurethral glands

• surrounds the mucosal glands


Main or principal glands

• lies peripherally

• constitute the bulk of the glands


•Site of origin for carcinoma of the prostate

• Main glands

•Benign prostatic hyperplasia

• Mucosal and submucosal glands

Clinical significance :Clinical significance :

PERIPHERAL ZONE

CENTRAL ZONE

• The tubuloalveolar glands of the prostate are formed by a cuboidal or a columnar pseudostratified epithelium.

• An exceptionally rich fibromuscular stroma surrounds the glands.

• The prostate is surrounded by a fibroelastic capsule rich in smooth muscle. Septa from this capsule penetrate the gland and divide it into lobes that are indistinct in adult men.

Prostatic urethra - verumontanumTransurethral resection – verumontanum

(colliculus seminalis) is an important landmark

Most distal landmark of the prostate during TURP procedure

Venous drainage of the prostate

dorsal veins of the penis

Deep

Superficial

Fascia of the penis

False capsule

Internal iliac vein

Vesicoprostate venous

plexus

Sacral venous plexus

Vertebral venous plexus

VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE PROSTATE

Vesicoprostatic venous plexus

• located between the true and false capsules

• run at the groove between bladder and prostate

Deep dorsal veins of the penis

b) Vertebral venous plexus

‘No valve’

(also communicate)

a) Internal iliac vein

(receive)

(drain backward)

C/I : Spread of prostate cancer

Vertebral column, Thoracic cavity, Skull and Brain

The importance of Denonvilliers’s fascia in

surgery :

• Demarcation line between the prostate and the rectum

• Prevents the spread of cancer cells between the prostate and the rectum

Health & Medicine

Lect -male reproductive organs