1. Uncommon Protectedby the ribswww.medicinemcq.com1

2. Mostfrequent mechanism of abdominal injurywww.medicinemcq.com2 3. Falls Assaultswww.medicinemcq.com3 4. Spleen Mechanism of injury in blunt trauma Rapid deceleration Risk of injury Liver Pancreas Kidneyswww.medicinemcq.com4 5. Inadequateto identify intra-abdominalinjurieswww.medicinemcq.com5 6. Maynot have peritoneal signs May in a compensated hemodynamic conditionwww.medicinemcq.com6 7. Cannotbe ruled out by physical findingswww.medicinemcq.com7 8. Mayhave very few physical signs initially May progress to sepsiswww.medicinemcq.com8 9. BedsideFAST Focused abdominal sonography for trauma Portableradiographs of the pelvis andchestwww.medicinemcq.com9 10. Sensitive,and accurate Intra-abdominal injuries Retroperitoneal injurieswww.medicinemcq.com10 11. Rapidand accurate Identify intra-abdominal injuries after blunttrauma Indicatedin unstable patientswww.medicinemcq.com11 12. Tachycardia Postural fall Hypotension Low urine output Metabolic acidosis Thirst www.medicinemcq.com12 13. Peritonitis Ongoingintra-abdominal hemorrhage Presence of other injuries known to be frequently associated with intraabdominal injurieswww.medicinemcq.com13 14. Penetratinginjuries to the abdomen withshockwww.medicinemcq.com14 15. Pneumoperitoneum Lowerrib fractures Increases the probability of splenic and hepatic injurywww.medicinemcq.com15 16. Abdominalultrasound or CTwww.medicinemcq.com16 17. Significantmorbidity and mortality Penetrating injuries ExploredBluntinjuries May be treated conservativelywww.medicinemcq.com17 18. Majorearly complication Coagulopathy Biliaryfistulae Rarewww.medicinemcq.com18 19. Developrapidly Lack of fibrinogen and clotting factors Factorsshould be given empiricallywww.medicinemcq.com19 20. Bestdiagnostic test for suspected liver injury Parenchymal damage to the liver orspleen Free fluid Peritoneallavage Confirm haemoperitoneum www.medicinemcq.com20 21. www.medicinemcq.com21 22. www.medicinemcq.com22 23. www.medicinemcq.com23 24. www.medicinemcq.com24 25. www.medicinemcq.com25 26. Usuallyassociated with major vascular injuries Mortality rate 50% to 80%www.medicinemcq.com26 27. Superiorto open operation.www.medicinemcq.com27 28. Mostuseful method for hemostasis Packed against the natural contour of thediaphragm Effectivefor the majority of liverinjurieswww.medicinemcq.com28 29. Insurvivors of liver packing < 15%www.medicinemcq.com29 30. Usuallyineffective Blood transfusionwww.medicinemcq.com30 31. Nospecific intervention Resolve spontaneously Aspiration May result in liver abscesswww.medicinemcq.com31 32. Hypotensionthat does not respond to fluid resuscitationwww.medicinemcq.com32 33. Forlacerations that continue to bleed despite attempts at local control Open the liver wound Bleeding vessels and biliary radicles Ligatedwww.medicinemcq.com33 34. Clampingof the hepatic pedicle When life-threatening hemorrhage is unresponsive topacking Control all hepatic bleeding except that from the hepatic veins or the intrahepatic vena cava Not >1 hour Ischemic damage to the liverwww.medicinemcq.com34 35. Vascularclamp or vessel loops Around the porta hepatis Ifthe bleeding stops after clamping the portal triad Bleeding from the portal veins or hepatic artery branches Ifthe bleeding continues Injury to the hepatic veins or the retrohepatic vena cavawww.medicinemcq.com35 36. Blunt abdominal trauma algorithmwww.medicinemcq.com36 37. www.medicinemcq.com37