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• Prozone phenomena
• In an agglutination or precipitation reaction,
the zone of relatively high antibody
concentrations within which no reaction
occurs. As the antibody concentration is
lowered below the prozone, the reaction
occurs.(solve by dilution)
• This phenomenon may be due simply to
antibody excess or it may be due to blocking
antibody or to nonspecific inhibitors in serum.
We then transfer 1 ml of the original solution into the tube with 9ml of water.Now, We have 1 ml (sample) + 9 ml (Water)=10
Titration
• is a semi-quantitative method used to determine the concentration of antibody in a serum sample or to compare the strength of antigen expression on different samples.
• Speed and strength of agglutination is termed as avidity.
Titers
• TITERS are reported out as the reciprocal of the last tube giving a positive reaction.
• So if tube 2 was the endpoint, the dilution is 1:800 the titer is reported out as 800/1= 800.