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a brief description about the bones of SKULL AND VERTEBRAE
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SKULL AND VERTEBRAE
ROLL NO :21-25BPth 1
AXIAL SKELETON
WHAT IS THE
SKULL?
The skull is a bony structure in the head of most vertebrates (in particular, craniates) that supports the structures of the face and forms a protective cavity for the brain.
Adult human skull
SKULL
NEUROCRANIUM VISCEROCRANIUM(brainy case) (facial skeleton)
SUPPORTMOVEMENTPROTECTION
FUNCTIONS
CRANIAL BONES 8 IN NUMBER.
FACIAL BONES
14 IN NUMBER.2. BACKSIDE OF THE
HEAD.
3. ALL IMMOVABLE JOINTS.
2. FORMS THE FACE.
3. MAXILLA MOVABLE.
Encloses the brain in the cavity.
Provide sites of attachment for head and neck muscles.
Provides support.
FUNCTIONS OF CRANIAL BONES
Frontal bone Parietal bones(2) Occipital bone Temporal bone(2) Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone
CRANIAL BONES
Frontal bone Parietal bones(2) Occipital bone Temporal bone(2) Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone
CRANIAL BONES
Frontal bone Parietal bones(2) Occipital bone Temporal bone(2) Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone
CRANIAL BONES
Frontal bone Parietal bones(2) Occipital bone Temporal bone(2) Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone
CRANIAL BONES
Frontal bone Parietal bones(2) Occipital bone Temporal bone(2) Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone
CRANIAL BONES
Frontal bone Parietal bones(2) Occipital bone Temporal bone(2) Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone
CRANIAL BONES
Ethimoid
Sutures are immovable interlocking joints that join skull bones together.
FONTANELLES: Soft regions of connective tissue holding bones
together at birth Permits brain growth and entry into birth canal Normally replaced by bone by about 1 year of age.
SUTURES
CORONAL SUTURE SQUAMOUSAL SUTURE LAMBOIDAL SUTURE SAGITTAL SUTURE
SUTURES
Forms the framework of face Cavities for special sense organs
of sight, taste and smell Openings for air and food
passage Sites of attachment for teeth and
muscles of facial expression
FUNCTION OF FACIAL BONES
Mandible Maxillary bones (maxillae) (2) Zygomatic bones(2) Nasal bones(2) Lacrimal bones(2) Palatine bones(2) Vomer Inferior nasal conchae(2)
FACIAL BONES
Mandible Maxillary bones (maxillae) (2) Zygomatic bones(2) Nasal bones(2) Lacrimal bones(2) Palatine bones(2) Vomer Inferior nasal conchae(2)
FACIAL BONES
Mandible Maxillary bones (maxillae) (2) Zygomatic bones(2) Nasal bones(2) Lacrimal bones(2) Palatine bones(2) Vomer Inferior nasal conchae(2)
FACIAL BONES
Mandible Maxillary bones (maxillae) (2) Zygomatic bones(2) Nasal bones(2) Lacrimal bones(2) Palatine bones(2) Vomer Inferior nasal conchae(2)
FACIAL BONES
Mandible Maxillary bones (maxillae) (2) Zygomatic bones(2) Nasal bones(2) Lacrimal bones(2) Palatine bones(2) Vomer Inferior nasal conchae(2)
FACIAL BONES
Mandible Maxillary bones (maxillae) (2) Zygomatic bones(2) Nasal bones(2) Lacrimal bones(2) Palatine bones(2) Vomer Inferior nasal conchae(2)
FACIAL BONES
Mandible Maxillary bones (maxillae) (2) Zygomatic bones(2) Nasal bones(2) Lacrimal bones(2) Palatine bones(2) Vomer Inferior nasal conchae(2)
FACIAL BONES
Mandible Maxillary bones (maxillae) (2) Zygomatic bones(2) Nasal bones(2) Lacrimal bones(2) Palatine bones(2) Vomer Inferior nasal conchae(2)
FACIAL BONES
EAR OSSICLES – MALLEUS, INCUS AND THE STAPES.
STAPES THE SMALLEST BONE AIDES IN HEARING ALL MOVABLE CONDUCTS VIBRATION
• Mucus lined, hollow, air-filled portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity
• Mucoase of sinus help to warm and humidify inspired air
PARANASAL SINUSES
The only bone that does not articulate with another bone
Anchored by narrow stylohyoid ligaments to syloid process of temporal bone.
Serves as a moveable base for the tongue
HYOID BONE
VERTEBRA[ COLUMN
The human vertebral column is the backbone or spine, consisting of twenty-four articulating vertebrae, and nine fused vertebrae in the sacrum and the coccyx. The vertebrae in the column are separated from each other by inter vertebral discs. It houses and protects the spinal cord in its spinal canal.
The human vertebral column has a double ‘s’ shaped curvature to provide shape and support to the body.
DEFINATION
CERVICAL
COCCYGEAL
THORACIC SACRAL
LUMBAR
Types of vertebrae
A TYPICAL VERTEBRAE
Numbered top-to-bottom from C1-C7, atlas (C1) and axis (C2), are the vertebrae that allow the neck and head so much movement.
The atlanto-occipital joint allows the head to nod up and down on the vertebral column. Hence the yes joint.
the atlanto-axial jointallows the upper neck to twist left and right. Hence the no joint.
ATLAS AND AXIS
Clinical significance includes a lot of diseases which are:
1. Spondylolisthesis
2. Kyphosis
3. Lordosis
4. Scoliosis
Cervical headaces which can be effectively treated by PHYSIOTHERAPY…
Clinical significance
Spondylolisthesis is the forward displacement of a vertebra, especially the fifth lumbar vertebra, most commonly occurring after a break or fracture. Backward displacement is referred to as retrolisthesis
SPOndylolisthesis
Kyphosis is an exaggerated kyphotic (concave) curvature in the thoracic region, also called hyperkyphosis.This produces the so-called "humpback" or "dowager's hump", a condition commonly resulting from osteoporosis.
kyphosis
The term lordosis refers to the normal inward curvature of the lumbar and cervical regions of the spine.Excessive or hyperlordosis can happen and lumbar hyperlordosis is commonly referred to as swayback or saddle back, a term that originates from the similar condition that
arises in some horses.
lordosis
Scoliosis, lateral curvature, is the most common abnormal curvature, occurring in 0.5% of the population. It is more common among females and may result from unequal growth of the two sides of one or more vertebrae, so that they do not fuse properly.
scoliosis
An interesting innovation..!!• In March 2013, for the first time in history, researchers replaced 75 percent of an injured patient's skull with a precision 3D-printed polymer replacement implant.
• In March 2014, it was announced that a similar skull replacement had been performed successfully on a Dutch woman three months ago.
How do the Forensic Doctors Reconstruct a face using a skull?????????????????Phrenology
Use of metric and non-metric traits to estimate what the bearer of the skull looked like..
Remoulding the face with the help of the skull bones.
By…
NIDA SHAIKH
VIPASHA MEHTA
HASTI VOHRA
MEGHNA BIYANI SUSAN JOSE