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CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
Literature Reviews – the SMART way
Isla Kuhn
Reader Services Librarian
Medical Library
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
1. exp Craniocerebral Trauma/ 2. exp Brain Edema/ 3. exp Glasgow Coma Scale/ 4. exp Glasgow Outcome Scale/ 5. exp Unconsciousness/ 6. exp Cerebrovascular Trauma/ 7. ((head or crani$ or cerebr$ or capitis or brain$ or forebrain$ or skull$ or
hemispher$ or intra-cran$ or inter-cran$) adj3 (injur$ or trauma$ or damag$ or wound$ or fracture$ or contusion$)).ab,ti.
8. ((head or crani$ or cerebr$ or brain$ or intra-cran$ or inter-cran$) adj3
(haematoma$ or hematoma$ or haemorrhag$ or hemorrhag$ or bleed$ or pressure)).ti,ab.
9. (Glasgow adj3 (coma or outcome) adj3 (scale$ or score$)).ab,ti. 10. "rancho los amigos scale".ti,ab. 11. ("diffuse axonal injury" or "diffuse
axonal injuries").ti,ab. 12. ((brain or cerebral or intracranial)
adj3 (oedema or edema or swell$)).ab,ti. 13. ((unconscious$ or coma$ or concuss$ or 'persistent vegetative state') adj3 (injur$ or trauma$ or damag$ or wound$ or fracture$)).ti,ab. 14. or/1-13
15. (randomised or randomized or randomly or random order or random sequence or random allocation or randomly allocated or at random or controlled clinical trial$).tw,hw.
16. clinical trial.pt. 17. randomized controlled trial.pt. 18. 15 or 16 or 17 19. exp models, animal/ 20. exp Animals/ 21. exp Animal Experimentation/ 22. exp Disease Models, Animal/ 23. exp Animals, Laboratory/ 24. or/19-23 25. Humans/ 26. 24 not 25 27. 18 not 26 28. 14 and 27 29. exp Hypothermia, Induced/ 30. exp Cryotherapy/ 31. exp Body Temperature/ 32. (hypotherm* or normotherm* or
cool* or cold* or temperature* or cryother* or cryogen* or
cryotreat*).ab,ti. 33. or/29-32 34. neonat*.ab,ti. 35. 33 not 34 36. 28 and 35
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
introducing the research topic
• clarifying the question
PICO
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
What is the Glasgow Outcome Score of severe head injured patients with raised ICP (>25) despite protocol directed therapy who undergo therapeutic hyperthermia (32 – 34C) for ICP control compared within standard care?
• P
• I
• C
• O
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
What is the Glasgow Outcome Score of severe head injured patients with raised ICP (>25) despite protocol directed therapy who undergo therapeutic hypothermia (32 – 34C) for ICP control compared within standard care?
• P: severe head injury
• I: hypothermia
• C: /
• O: Glasgow Coma Score
Eligibility criterion
Exclusion criterion
Synonyms
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
• P: severe head injury severe brain injury coma brain trauma TBI craniocerebral trauma
• I: therapeutic hypothermia induced hypothermia cryotherapy cold therapy
• C: /
• O: Glasgow Coma Score Glasgow Coma Scale Functional Outcome Assessment trauma severity indices treatment outcome outcome assessment
Eligibility / Exclusion: ICP age of patient? Type of publication? >25 adult yes rct yes
child no letters no
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
introducing the research topic
reviewing relevant literature
• identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH
• setting parameters (inclusion/exclusion criteria not built into search?)
• structuring your search strategy with boolean logic
References
• DON’T plagiarise!
• Don’t lose marks through sloppy references
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic
AND – to narrow the search by combining different topics
eg
“physiotherapy” and “stroke”
Both terms must be present in the results.
StrokePhysiotherapy
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic
OR – to broaden your search, by combining similar terms
eg
“exercise” or “physical activity”
Either term can be present in the resulting set of articles.
Cerebral-vascular Accident
Stroke
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARYBoolean Logic
NOT – to restrict your search so that it does not contain a particular term
eg
“physical therapy” not “manual therapy”
The first, but not the second, term must be present.
Manual Therapy
Physical Therapy
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
• P: severe head injury severe brain injury coma brain trauma TBI craniocerebral trauma
• I: therapeutic hypothermia induced hypothermia cryotherapy cold therapy
• C: /
• O: Glasgow Coma Score Glasgow Coma Scale Functional Outcome Assessment trauma severity indices treatment outcome outcome assessment
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
severe head injury OR severe brain injury OR coma OR brain trauma OR TBI OR craniocerebral trauma
AND
therapeutic hypothermia OR induced hypothermia OR cryotherapy OR cold therapy
AND
Glasgow Coma Score OR Glasgow Coma Scale OR Functional Outcome Assessment OR trauma severity indices OR treatment outcome OR outcome assessment
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
Truncation
treat
treats
treating
treated
treater
treatment
treatments
• Treat*
• Treat?
• Treat$
MeSH
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12117354
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
severe head injur* OR severe brain injur* OR coma OR brain trauma OR TBI OR craniocerebral trauma OR exp CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA/
AND
therapeutic hypothermia OR induced hypothermia OR cryotherapy OR cold therap* OR exp HYPOTHERMIA/
AND
exp GLASGOW COMA SCALE/ OR Glasgow Coma Score* OR Glasgow Coma Scale* OR Functional Outcome Assessment OR trauma severity indices OR treatment outcome* OR outcome assessment
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARYSensitivity vs Specificity
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
introducing the research topic
reviewing relevant literature
• identifying keywords and synonyms and MeSH
• structuring your search strategy with boolean logic
• setting parameters (inclusion/exclusion criteria not built into search?)
References
• DON’T plagiarise!
• Don’t lose marks through sloppy references
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
1. exp Craniocerebral Trauma/ 2. exp Brain Edema/ 3. exp Glasgow Coma Scale/ 4. exp Glasgow Outcome Scale/ 5. exp Unconsciousness/ 6. exp Cerebrovascular Trauma/ 7. ((head or crani$ or cerebr$ or capitis or brain$ or forebrain$ or skull$ or
hemispher$ or intra-cran$ or inter-cran$) adj3 (injur$ or trauma$ or damag$ or wound$ or fracture$ or contusion$)).ab,ti.
8. ((head or crani$ or cerebr$ or brain$ or intra-cran$ or inter-cran$) adj3
(haematoma$ or hematoma$ or haemorrhag$ or hemorrhag$ or bleed$ or pressure)).ti,ab.
9. (Glasgow adj3 (coma or outcome) adj3 (scale$ or score$)).ab,ti. 10. "rancho los amigos scale".ti,ab. 11. ("diffuse axonal injury" or "diffuse
axonal injuries").ti,ab. 12. ((brain or cerebral or intracranial)
adj3 (oedema or edema or swell$)).ab,ti. 13. ((unconscious$ or coma$ or concuss$ or 'persistent vegetative state') adj3 (injur$ or trauma$ or damag$ or wound$ or fracture$)).ti,ab. 14. or/1-13
15. (randomised or randomized or randomly or random order or random sequence or random allocation or randomly allocated or at random or controlled clinical trial$).tw,hw.
16. clinical trial.pt. 17. randomized controlled trial.pt. 18. 15 or 16 or 17 19. exp models, animal/ 20. exp Animals/ 21. exp Animal Experimentation/ 22. exp Disease Models, Animal/ 23. exp Animals, Laboratory/ 24. or/19-23 25. Humans/ 26. 24 not 25 27. 18 not 26 28. 14 and 27 29. exp Hypothermia, Induced/ 30. exp Cryotherapy/ 31. exp Body Temperature/ 32. (hypotherm* or normotherm* or
cool* or cold* or temperature* or cryother* or cryogen* or
cryotreat*).ab,ti. 33. or/29-32 34. neonat*.ab,ti. 35. 33 not 34 36. 28 and 35
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
1. exp Craniocerebral Trauma/ 2. exp Brain Edema/ 3. exp Glasgow Coma Scale/ 4. exp Glasgow Outcome Scale/ 5. exp Unconsciousness/ 6. exp Cerebrovascular Trauma/ 7. ((head or crani$ or cerebr$ or capitis or brain$ or forebrain$ or skull$ or
hemispher$ or intra-cran$ or inter-cran$) adj3 (injur$ or trauma$ or damag$ or wound$ or fracture$ or contusion$)).ab,ti.
8. ((head or crani$ or cerebr$ or brain$ or intra-cran$ or inter-cran$) adj3
(haematoma$ or hematoma$ or haemorrhag$ or hemorrhag$ or bleed$ or pressure)).ti,ab.
9. (Glasgow adj3 (coma or outcome) adj3 (scale$ or score$)).ab,ti. 10. "rancho los amigos scale".ti,ab. 11. ("diffuse axonal injury" or "diffuse
axonal injuries").ti,ab. 12. ((brain or cerebral or intracranial)
adj3 (oedema or edema or swell$)).ab,ti. 13. ((unconscious$ or coma$ or concuss$ or 'persistent vegetative state') adj3 (injur$ or trauma$ or damag$ or wound$ or fracture$)).ti,ab. 14. or/1-13
15. (randomised or randomized or randomly or random order or random sequence or random allocation or randomly allocated or at random or controlled clinical trial$).tw,hw.
16. clinical trial.pt. 17. randomized controlled trial.pt. 18. 15 or 16 or 17
19. exp models, animal/ 20. exp Animals/ 21. exp Animal Experimentation/ 22. exp Disease Models, Animal/ 23. exp Animals, Laboratory/ 24. or/19-23 25. Humans/ 26. 24 not 25
27. 18 not 26
28. 14 and 27 29. exp Hypothermia, Induced/ 30. exp Cryotherapy/ 31. exp Body Temperature/ 32. (hypotherm* or normotherm* or
cool* or cold* or temperature* or cryother* or cryogen* or
cryotreat*).ab,ti. 33. or/29-32
34. neonat*.ab,ti. 35. 33 not 34 36. 28 and 35
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
[Intervention Review]
Hypothermia for traumatic head injury
Emma Sydenham, Ian Roberts, Phil Alderson
Citation: Sydenham E, Roberts I, Alderson P. Hypothermia for traumatic head injury. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD001048. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001048.pub4.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD001048/frame.html
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
introducing the research topic
reviewing relevant literature
Identify relevant sources (and then search them!)
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
introducing the research topic
reviewing relevant literature
Identify relevant sources (and then search them!)
• databases?
• websites?
• hand searching?
• books?
• snowballing?
• grey literature?
• ongoing trials?
• www.lib.cam.ac.uk/electronicresources/
• TRIP NHS Evidence RCoAGoogle? Search by Organisation/Filetype
• Which journals are key to your work?
• LibrarySearch or GoogleBooks
• WoK or Scopus
• Google: blog search; SIGLE; conference proceedings
• Trials registers
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
• www.tripdatabase.com
• www.evidence.nhs.uk
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
introducing the research topic
reviewing relevant literature
Identify relevant sources (and then search them!)
References
• managing
• storing
• using them (cite while you write)
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARYWhat you do with your references
• Reference Manager or endnoteweb or zotero or mendeley…etc
• CASP Critical Appraisal Checklists
• PDF X-change
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
introducing the research topic
reviewing relevant literature
Identify relevant sources (and then search them!)
References
Keeping up to Date
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARYKeeping up to date
• Citation Tracking (WOK or Scopus)
• Alerts (Pubmed & every other database, Google?)
• RSS? or Email?
• Journal ToCs (zetoc or via journal webpages)
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
introducing the research topic
reviewing relevant literature
Identify relevant sources (and then search them!)
References
Keeping up to Date
Writing Up (methodology)
• what did you actually do?
• and where did you do it?
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARYWriting up
• Search log/diary
• Tidying up your strategy
• What did you find (how many)?
• Where did you find them?
• Explicit criterion = reproducable methodology
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
therapeutic hypothermia
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
therapeutic hypothermia and (brain injury or head injury or coma)
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
therapeutic hypothermia and (brain injury or head injury or coma) and glasgow
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARYSearching – Do’s & Don’ts
• Don’t try to do the whole search in one line
• Don’t imagine that your first attempt will get all the articles you need
• Don’t imagine it’s something that can be rattled off quickly
• Don’t give up!
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARYSearching – Do’s & Don’ts
• Do think of alternative ways of talking about your topic
• Do learn from your hits and your misses
• Do remember that you still have to critically appraise each article
• Do ask for help
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARY
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARYMEDICAL LIBRARYHelp!
Isla Kuhn
Reader Services Librarian
Medical Library
Box 111
Addenbrooke’s Hospital
email: [email protected]
phone: (01223) (3)36750
web: http://library.medschl.cam.ac.uk
Thank you.