Water framework directive and its enforcement in Venice Lagoon
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Loro Francesco ARPAV Subotica, Septermber 2013 Surface water protection and discharge control: EU framework discharge limit values environmental standard values Environmental Prevention and Protection Agency Environmental Prevention and Protection Agency
Water framework directive and its enforcement in Venice Lagoon
Water framework directive is one of the most important environmental directive. In this presentation I show its enforcement in the Venice Lagoon and the Venice Lagoon Catchment Basin
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1. Loro Francesco ARPAV Subotica, Septermber 2013 Surface water
protection and discharge control: EU framework discharge limit
values environmental standard values Environmental Prevention and
Protection AgencyEnvironmental Prevention and Protection
Agency
2. Summary The european framework A special case the Venice
lagoon Whos ARPAV The environmental controls
3. E.U. RULESE.U. RULES DIR 91/271 Council Directive concerning
urban waste-water treatment (UWWTD) DIR 91/271 Council Directive
concerning urban waste-water treatment (UWWTD) DIR 91/676 Council
Directive concerning the protection of waters against pollution
caused by nitrates from agricultural sources DIR 91/676 Council
Directive concerning the protection of waters against pollution
caused by nitrates from agricultural sources DIR 2000/60 Directive
establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water
policy (WFD) DIR 2000/60 Directive establishing a framework for
Community action in the field of water policy (WFD) The european
framework Directive 2008/105/EC Directive on Environmental Quality
Standards Directive 2008/105/EC Directive on Environmental Quality
Standards
4. DIR 1991/271/EUDIR 1991/271/EU On the collection, treatment
and discharge of urban waste water The treatment and discharge of
waste water from certain industrial sectors. (Annex 3) Definition
of industrial waste water Installation of a waste water collection
treatment and collection system The european framework Definition
of sensible area Discharge permit Industrial Water reuse Reuse of
sludges
5. DIR 1991/271/EU: discharge limitsDIR 1991/271/EU: discharge
limits The european framework Waste water collection system (Art.
3) Deadline Numbers of EI 31/12/2000 > 15.000 31/12/2005 2.000
15.000 31/12/2005 10.000
6. DIR 1991/271/EU: the time tableDIR 1991/271/EU: the time
table The european framework Sensitive area (Art. 5) Deadline
Action 31/12/1993 MS identification 31/12/1998 WWTP to reduce the
pollutants for agglomerations of more than 10 000 p.e 31/12/1998
Limit values fixed on Annex II sect. B
7. DIR 1991/271/EU: the time tableDIR 1991/271/EU: the time
table The european framework Less Sensitive Areas (Art. 6) Deadline
Action 31/12/1993 MS identification 31/12/1998 WWTP to reduce the
pollutants for agglomerations of more than 10 000 p.e 31/12/1998
Limit values fixed on Annex II sect. B Small Agglomerates (Art. 7)
Deadline WWTP 31/12/2005 Less than 2000 p.e. (discharge in fresh
waters) 31/12/2005 Less than 10.000 p.e. (discharge in coastal
waters
8. DIR 1991/271/EU: the time tableDIR 1991/271/EU: the time
table The european framework The industrial sectors (Art. 13)
Deadline Action 31/12/2000 WWTP to reduce the pollutants for
agglomerations of more than 4000 p.e 31/12/2000 Annex III list of
industrial sectors 31/12/1993 C.A. set requirements appropriate to
the nature of the industry concerned for the discharge of such
waste water
9. Directive 2000/60/CE WFD The european framework A new
approach An holistic view Polluter pays principle The role of river
basin management plan The achievment of good state before 2015
10. Enhance surface and ground water protection Achieve good
status for all waters by 31st December 2015 Manage water resources
on the basis of river basins independent from the administrative
structures Proceed with an action which unites emission limits and
quality standards Remind all the water services of the right price
representing better the real economic costs Allow citizens to
participate in choices adopted The european framework
11. Annex X: detailed list 33 PS and PHS Decision 2455/2001/EC
Directive 76/464/EEC List I Defined with criteria of toxicity,
persistence and bioaccumulation List II Substances with a
deleterious effect on the aquatic environment Elimination of
pollution Reduction of pollution Annex VIII: generic list (main
pollutants) River Basin Management Plans ERA Achievement of quality
standards for human health protection and aquatic environment
protection EQS Limit values fixation Water Monitoring:
Surveillance, Operational and Investigative Monitoring Limit values
and quality objectives fixed at European level, that must be
applied in every member State National lists Directive 2000/60/EC
DPSIR analysis Substances inventories: productive cycles and
discharges characterization Local lists (river basin level) ERA
EQSs and Limit values for local lists Targeted risk-based
assessment Simplified risk- based assessment EUROPEANLEVELNATIONAL
LEVEL LOCALLEVELRIVER BASIN N e w D i r. E U L e v e l Natio nal
Local Level O l d D i r. The european framework Directive
2008/105/CE
12. The european framework The old approach was based on list
of substances List of substance that is duty to eliminate List of
substance that is duty to reduce A generic list of pollutants List
of Priority substances List of Priority hazardous substances
Achievement of good ecological status by 2015 Evaluation case by
case of the EQs From the old approach to The new approach
13. It is the general expression of the status of a body of
surface water, determined by the poorer of its ecological status
and its chemical status SOME DEFINITIONS (DIR 2000/60/UE) River
basin River basin means the area of land from which all surface
run- off flows through a sequence of streams, rivers and, possibly,
lakes into the sea at a single river mouth, estuary or delta. The
european framework Surface water statusGood surface water chemical
status Good surface water chemical status means the chemical status
required to meet the environmental objectives for surface waters
established in Article 4(1)(a), that is the chemical status
achieved by a body of surface water in which concentrations of
pollutants do not exceed the environmental quality standards
established in Annex IX and under Article 16(7), and under other
relevant Community legislation setting environmental quality
standards at Community level.
14. PollutionPollution The direct or indirect introduction, as
a result of human activity, of substances or heat into the air,
water or land which may be harmful to human health or the quality
of aquatic ecosystems or terrestrial ecosystems directly depending
on aquatic ecosystems, which result in damage to material property,
or which impair or interfere with amenities and other legitimate
uses of the environment SOME DEFINITIONS (DIR 2000/60/UE)
PollutantPollutant any substance liable to cause pollution, in
particular those listed in Annex VIII ANNEX VIII: INDICATIVE LIST
OF THE MAIN POLLUTANTS 1. Organohalogen compounds and substances
which may form such compounds in the aquatic environment 2.
Organophosphorous compounds 3. Organotin compounds 4. Substances
and preparations, or the breakdown products of such, which have
been proved to possess carcinogenic or mutagenic properties or
properties which may affect steroidogenic, thyroid, reproduction or
other endocrine-related functions in or via the aquatic environment
5. .. The european framework
15. Targets and deadlines (Art. 4) The european framework
Before 2015 Surface waters Good environmental status Progressively
reducing pollution from priority substances and ceasing or phasing
out emissions, discharges and losses of priority hazardous
substances Underground waters Before 2015 Good environmental status
Reverse any significant and sustained upward trend in the
concentration of any pollutant resulting from the impact of human
activity in order progressively to reduce pollution of
groundwater.
16. Targets and deadlines (Art. 4) The european framework
Before 2006 Enforcement of monitoring plan Before 2020 Reduction of
PHS Water-pricing policies Polluters pays priciples Before
2010
17. Targets and deadlines (Art. 4) The european framework
Before 2012 Controls on points and diffused sources (Art. 10)
Program of measure (art. 11) Before 2009 Enforcement of measures
(art. 11) Before 2021
18. The unique case of Venice Lagoon A hystory of laws,
protection acts and pollution Law 16 April 1973 Decree 23 4 98
Decree 16 12 98 Decree 09 02 99 Decree 26 05 99 Decree 30 07
99
19. The catchment basin
20. The Venice lagoon and its catchment basin Surface: 2000 Km2
Outfalls: 24 Total annual mean flow: 22 m3 /s Industrial discharge
permit in 2003: 238 Industrial annual flow: 0,76 m3 /s Inhabitants:
1.000.000 Municipalities: 108 Main rivers: Dese, Zero, Marzenego,
Osellino, Lusore, Muson, Tergola
21. The Venice Lagoon 550 Km2 510 Km2 of water surface 40 Km2
Islands (among which 117 islands forms Venice)
22. The role of the national legislation Venice lagoos has a
special legislation with special emission limit (very low) The
definition of limits was made on the basis of experimental
monitoring Evaluation of the industrial cycles and their emission
Analysis of WWTP emission Analysis of the Catchment Basin
23. The role of the Enviromental Agency Art. 10 WFD: combined
approach Controls of the emissions on the use of B.A.T. Controls of
emission limit values Best enviromental practices on diffuse
sources The DPSIR (Driving forces, Pressures, States, Impacts,
Responses) is the concectual model used to accordance with Artt.
5,8,10, 13 of WFD Controls Modelling
24. The role of the Enviromental Agency on Industry Emission
Evaluation of the existing plant and existing emission point
Evaluation of the quality of the emission 117 Emission points
Project ISPERIA Project DRAIN
25. The industrial area of Porto Marghera DM26/5/99: Analysis
of industrial emission in Porto Marghera Project ISPERIA
26. The industrial areas in the Catchment basin The industrial
districts The evaluation of the industrial emission from specific
industrial sectors Project DRAIN
27. The discharge limit values in Venice Lagoon Class of
substances or categories Total number of substances per
class/category Priority substances per class/category N. of
analyzed substances Metals 6 4 6 Organometals 6 2 3 Policyclic
Aromatic Hydrocarbons 9 9 6 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) 37 5
14 Nitroaromatics 7 - 0 Alophenols 9 1 2 Anilines e derivatives 5 -
0 Pesticides 54 14 29 Semivolatile Organic Compounds 8 1 1 Other
compounds 19 8 2 Total 160 44 63
28. The pressure sources Nitrogen surplus from agricoluture
UWWTP Industrial Areas
29. Pollutant 2008 EQS Italian Regulati ons (g/L) EQS for the
Venice area (g/L) EQS Dir.2008/105 Inland surface waters Average
annual value (g/L) Limit values for discharges in the catchment
area of the Venice lagoon (g/L) Cadmium 1^ 0.01 0.08 5 (1) Mercury
1^ 0.005 0.01 3 (0,5) Nickel 20^ 0.5 20 100 Lead 10^ 0.03 7.2 50
(10) Total PAH 0.2^ 0.06 (Lagoon ) Benzo(a)pi rene 0.004 D* 0.003
M-L 0.003 (Lagoon ) 0.05 The discharge limit value
30. The limit emission for the catchment basin A dedicated
monitoring network that check: Macropolluntants Micropolluntants
EBI
31. From bottom to top The enforcement at local level of the
Dir. 1991/676/Ce (Nitrate directive) The role of IPPC permits for
industrial plant (for example galvanic industry) Agricultural use
of sewage sludge: a dedicated legislation
32. A special WWTP: PIF (Progetto Integrato Fusina) A unique
platform able to treat: More than 110.000 m3/d of urban wastewater
More than 50.000 m3/d of industrial wastewater and water from
remediation areas A group of installation SG 31 Incinerator Plant
for sludge and WWTP Area 23h Soil and Rock management Isola delle
Tresse: dedging sludge management Phytoremediation
33. Urban Waste Water Industrial Waste Water FUSINA WWTP
Industrial WWTP Lagoon Phytoremediation Industrial water (reuse)
Incinerator SG31 (sludge) PIF Flow chart
34. SG 31 Incinerator and WWTP FBR plant for incineration of
industrial and urban sludge MBR plant to recuce the productio of
sludge
35. Phytoremediation Costructed wetland: 110 ha 100.000 mc/d
The lagoon area presents some specific enviromental conditions The
acquatic plants: Phragmites australis Typha latifolia
Schoienoplectus lacustris Nynfhea alba
36. the Regional Agency for Environmental Protection and
Prevention in the Veneto operative since October 1997 Organised as
a network throughout the region has more than 1000 employees and
the following organisation AAgenziagenzia RRegionale per laegionale
per la PProtezione erotezione e PPrevenzionerevenzione AAmbientale
delmbientale del VVenetoeneto (Veneto(Veneto Regional Environmental
Prevention and Protection Agency)Regional Environmental Prevention
and Protection Agency) Who ARPAVARPAV is Head Office focuses on
general strategy, administration and management 7 Provincial
Departments 2 Regional Departments (Laboratories, Land management
-Meteorological, Avalanches and Agro- Environmental). 9 Tematic
centres of excellence (Air, Water-internal, transitional and
Adriatic sea, Physical Agents, Soils, Wastes, industrial risks and
polluted sites, meteorological centre, avalanche centre)
37. Conclusion The role of knowledge of the territory The role
of technologies A Bottom-Top approach Many roles to play = Many
actors = more coordination Finish line Marathon de Sable
38. RoutineRoutine Best Practice:Best Practice: control
typologiescontrol typologies RoutineRoutine colour, turbidity,
odour, taste, residual chlorine, pH, conductivity, ammonia,
nitrite, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, coliphorm bacteria at 37C E.
coli, Enterococci Herbicides Orgnochlorine compounds Metals (if
requested) verification Clostridium perfringens, algae, nematods
with free life, Salmonella, Pseudomonas aerug., count of colony 22C
e 36C, mushrooms, staph. pat., Al, As, B, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb,
Sb, Se, V, Fe, Hg Total Pesticides PAH Dry residual at 180C, total
hardness, Kubel, Na, CN, F, TOC
39. S c h e m e o f In s titu tio n s c o o p e r a tin g o n
im p le m e n ta tio n o f th e w a te r f r a m e w o r k d ir e c
tiv e 2 0 0 0 / 6 0 / E C M in is try o f A g ric u ltu re M in is
try o f H e a lth M in is try o f In fra s tru c tu re a n d T ra n
s p o rt A P A T A u th o rity o n th e w a te r re s o u rc e s a
n d w a s te s W a te r B a s in A u th o rity A R P A W a te r C y
c le S e rv ic e A A T O P ro v in c e s M u n ic ip a litie s R e
g io n s M in s try o f E n v iro n m e n t
40. Information and reports on environmental topics
www.arpa.veneto.it Thanks Contact: Francesco Loro ARPAV Tel:
+39.348.064.43.62 Mail: [email protected] /
[email protected] Aknowledgement: Marco Ostoich - ARPAV