Anatomy and Physiology – Unit 5

BTEC Level 3 in Health and Social Care

Warm up – Taboo!

You CAN NOT SAY:

Chocolate

Fountain

Thornton's

You CAN NOT SAY:

Worm

Snake

Insect

You CAN NOT SAY:

Vision

Glasses

Frames

You CAN NOT SAY:

Washing

Clothes

Water

Kitchen

Machine

You CAN NOT SAY:

Football

Kick

Team

ANY FOOTBALLERS NAMES!

To classify tissue cells

To Investigate tissues in organs

Aims of todays session

Cells form Tissues

Tissues form Organs

Organs form Systems

Systems form Whole Body

Levels of Body Organisation

LO1 – Match up tissue function to its special features.

LO2 – Investigate Cytology and Histology.

LO3 – Research chosen tissue for assignment generation.

Objectives

Fundamental unit of life

Have all properties of being alive◦ Respond to stimuli◦ Engage in metabolic activity◦ Reproduce itself

All tissues & organs in body formed of cells Individual cells perform functions for body Special cells carry out very specific

functions

Cytology

· Cells are specialized for particular functions· Tissues

· Groups of cells with similar structure and function

· Four primary types· Epithelium· Connective tissue· Nervous tissue· Muscle

Histology (the study of tissues)

LO1 – Match up tissue function to its special features.

LO2 – Investigate Cytology and Histology.

LO3 – Research chosen tissue for assignment generation.

Objectives

Use your homework notes and check the information with what you can see around the room.

Produce a POSTER of:

1. An annotated diagram of an animal cell showing all organelles and labels describing their function.

2. The 4 Tissue Types found in human body

(Epithelium, Connective, Nervous and Muscle tissue)

You need: A detailed diagram of EACH tissue

A description of your tissue

An example of your tissue location in the human body

Task

Epithelial tissue or Epithelium

Simple

Stratified

Epithelium

Classification of Epithelium· Shape of cells

· Squamous – flattened

· Cuboidal – cube-shaped

· Columnar – column-like

Epithelium is found throughout the body and is composed of close-packed cells that form the covering or lining of body structures.

Epithelial tissue lines internal organs body cavities and vessels and found in glands and is surface layer of skin

Function: PROTECTION of underlying structures [from dehydration, chemical or mechanical damage]

Examples of epithelium: top of the skin (EPIDERMIS) and the lining of the stomach and Colon are epithelial tissue. In addition, to forming a protective barrier, epithelium may be specialised to absorb substances (such as nutrients from the intestine), secrete substances (such as sweat glands), or excrete waste (such as in kidney tubules).

SIMPLE: single layer specialized for secretion, absorption, filtration and excretion STRATIFIED: 2 or more layers for wear and tear Excellent regeneration - the skin is

replaced every 3 weeks and the intestinal lining every 2-3 days

Epithelium

Simple SQUAMOUS (pavement) flattened cells disc-shaped nucleus form thin and smooth membrane line alveoli, heart and BV & lymph vessels aka endothelium.

Simple CUBOIDAL cube-shaped cells; spherical nucleus, close together on a basement membrane found in kidney tubules and some glands

Simple COLUMNAR oblong shaped cells, elongated nucleus sitting on basement membrane, tissue lining the gut: range of cells

Simple CILIATED cilia microscopic hair like projections on free surface of the cell line some passageways eg airways use wave like movement to move materials in one direction eg mucus towards the throat

STRATIFIED (several layers) epithelium consists of several layers of cells of different shapes which grow from bottom layer up, main function is to protect underlying structures from wear and tear

Stratified SQUAMOUS deeper layers cells are more columnar as they mature and are pushed up they become flattened until they are shed

Keratinised (dry surfaces) eg skin hair nails surface layer of cells are dead and contain a hard waterproof protein (keratin).

Non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium found on wet surfaces that are subject to wear and tear eg lining the mouth the pharynx and oesophagus

Stratified CUBOIDAL found in ducts of sweat glands and male urethra for PROTRECTION

Functions:Binds body tissues togetherSupports the bodyProvides protection

Supporting and Protecting tissue in body structures Performs different functions depending on its location

Bone Cartilage Tendons Adipose

Connective Tissue

Nervous tissue composed of cells – Neurons and Neurolgia

Function is to send impulses to other areas of the body

This tissue forms the BRAIN, SPINAL CHORD and NERVES

Nervous Tissue

Produces movement in body by contracting Composed of individual muscle fibers Three basic types of muscles

◦ Skeletal muscle – attached to bones◦ Smooth muscle – internal organs◦ Cardiac muscle –in the heart

Voluntary (under conscious control) Involuntary

Muscle Tissue

LO1 – Match up tissue function to its special features.

LO2 – Investigate Cytology and Histology.

LO3 – Research chosen tissue for assignment generation.

Objectives