Assignment

Topic: Nobel Prize in physics 2010

Course Name: Electricity, Magnetism and Modern Physics

Course Code: Phy-123

Submitted to:

Lecturer, Department of natural science

Faculty of science and Technology

Daffodil International University

Submitted by:

MD. Asaduzzaman

ID NO: 151-15-337

Sec: UC-(A)

Batch: 1.2

Sir Andre Konstantin Geim

FRS, HonFRSC, HonFInstP (born 21 October 1958) is a

Soviet-born Dutch-British physicist working in the School

of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester.

He was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly

with Konstantin Novoselov for his work on graphene.He

is Regus Professor of Physics and Royal Society Research

Professor at the Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and

Nanotechnology.

In addition to the 2010 Nobel Prize, he received an Ig

Nobel Prize in 2000 for using the magnetic properties of

water scaling to levitate a small frog with magnets. This

makes him the first, and thus far only, person to receive

both the prestigious science award and its tongue-in-

cheek equivalent.

Education:

Andre Geim was born to Konstantin Alekseyevich Geim and Nina Nikolayev a Bayer in Sochi on 21 October 1958. Both his parents were engineers of German origin. In 1965, the family moved to Nalchik, Russia, where he studied at a high school.

After graduation, he applied to the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute. He took the entrance exams twice, but attributes his failure to qualify to discrimination on account of his German ethnicity.

He then applied to the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology(MIPT), where he was accepted. He said that at the time he would not have chosen to study solid-state physics, preferring particle physics or astrophysics, but is now happy with his choice. He received a diploma (MSc degree equivalent) from MIPT in 1982 and candidate (PhD equivalent) degree in metal

physics in 1987 from the Institute of Solid State Physics (ISSP) at the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) in Chernogolovka .

Academic career:

After earning his PhD with Victor Petrashov , Geim worked as a research scientist at the Institute for Microelectronics Technology (IMT) at RAS, and from 1990 as a post-doctoral fellow at the universities of Nottingham (twice), Bath, and Copenhagen. He said that while at Nottingham he could spend his time on research rather than "swimming through Soviet treacle", and determined to leave Russia.

He obtained his first tenured position in 1994, when he was appointed associate professor at Radboud University Nijmegen, where he did work on mesoscopic superconductivity. He later gained Dutch citizenship. One of his doctoral students at Nijmegen wasKonstantin Novoselov, who went on to become his main research partner. However, Geim has said that he had an unpleasant time during his academic career in the Netherlands. He was offered professorships at Nijmegen and Eindhoven, but turned them down as he found the Dutch academic system too hierarchical and full of petty politicking. "This can be pretty unpleasant at times," he says. "It's not like the British system where every staff member is an equal quantity." On the other hand, Geim writes in his Nobel lecture that "In addition, the situation

was a bit surreal because outside the university walls I received a warm-hearted welcome from everyone around, including Jan Kees and other academics." (Prof. Jan Kees Man was the research boss of Geim during his time at Redbud University Nijmegen).

In 2001 he became a professor of physics at the University of Manchester, and was appointed director of the Manchester Centre for Miso science and Nanotechnology in 2002. Geim's wife and long-standing co-author, Irina Grigorieva, also moved to Manchester as a lecturer in 2001. The same year, they were joined by Novoselov who moved to Manchester from Nijmegen, which awarded him a PhD in 2004.

Geim served as Lang worthy Professor between 2007 and 2013, leaving this endowed professorship to Dr Novoselov in 2012. Also, between 2007 and 2010 Geim was an EPSRC Senior Research Fellow before becoming one of Royal Society Research Professors. In 2010 Redbud University Nijmegen appointed him professor of innovative materials and Nano science, extending Geim's long list of honorary professorships.

Research:

Geim's achievements include the discovery of a simple

method for isolating single atomic layers of graphite,

known as graphene, in collaboration with researchers at

the University of Manchester and IMT. The team

published their findings in October 2004 in Science.

Graphene consists of one-atom-thick layers of carbon

atoms arranged in two-dimensional hexagons and is the

thinnest material in the world, as well as one of the

strongest and hardest .The material has many potential

applications and is considered a superior alternative to

silicon.

Geim said one of the first applications of graphene could

be in the development of flexible touchscreens, and that

he has not patented the material because he would need

a specific application and an industrial partner.

"Spider-Man test" of gecko tape

Geim was involved in the development of a biomimetic

adhesive which became known as gecko tape—so called

because of the adhesiveness of gecko feet—research of

which is still in the early stages.[50] It is hoped that the

development will eventually allow humans to scale

ceilings, like Spider-Man.

Geim's research in 1997 into the possible effects of

magnetism on water scaling led to the famous discovery

of direct diamagnetic levitation of water, and led to a

frog being levitated .For this experiment, he and Michael

Berry received the 2000 Ig Nobel Prize. "We were asked

first whether we dared to accept this prize, and I take

pride in our sense of humor and self-deprecation that we

did".

Geim has also carried out research on mesoscopic

physics and superconductivity.

He said of the range of subjects he has studied: "Many

people choose a subject for their PhD and then continue

the same subject until they retire. I despise this

approach. I have changed my subject five times before I

got my first tenured position and that helped me to learn

different subjects."

Geim's research has been funded by the Engineering and

Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) .

He named his favorite hamster, H.A.M.S. ter Tisa , co-

author in a 2001 research paper.

Nobel Prize in Physics: 2015

On 5 October 2010, Geim was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Novoselov "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene”.

Upon hearing of the award he said, "I'm fine, I slept well. I didn't expect the Nobel Prize this year", and that his plans for the day would not change.

The lecture for the award took place on 8 December 2010 at Stockholm University. He said he hopes that graphene and other two-dimensional crystals will

change everyday life as plastics did for humanity. A colleague of Geim said that his award shows that people can still win a Nobel by "mucking about in a lab". The award made him the first person to win, as an individual, both a Nobel Prize and an Ig Nobel Prize. On winning both a Nobel and Ig Nobel, he has stated that

"Frankly, I value both my Ig Nobel prize and Nobel prize at the same level and for me Ig Nobel prize was the manifestation that I can take jokes, a little bit of self-deprecation always helps."

Geim was one of 38 Nobel laureates who signed a

declaration in 2010 issued by Scholars for Peace in

the Middle East condemning international attempts

to boycott Israeli academics, institutions, and

research centers.

Honors and awards:

Magnetically levitating a live frog, an experiment that earned Geim and Michael

Berry the 2000 Ig Nobel Prize

Geim shared the 2000 Ig Nobel Prize in physics with Michael Berry for the frog experiment. In 2006 he appeared on the Scientific American50. The Institute of Physics awarded him the 2007 Mott Medal and Prize "for his discovery of a new class of materials—free-standing two-dimensional crystals—in particular graphene".Geim was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2007. His certificate of election reads:

“ Geim's research is notable for its internationally-recognized quality, originality and breadth. He has recently discovered a conceptually new class of materials strictly two-dimensional atomic crystals, including graphene. This has opened up a prolific research area including a new paradigm of "relativistic-like condensed matter", where relativistic quantum physics can be studied in a bench-top experiment. Previously, Geim pioneered ballistic Hall micromagnetometry and discovered a paramagnetic Meissner effect and new vortex physics in superconductors. He has also realized a micro fabricated adhesive, based on the gecko's climbing mechanism, now being exploited by DuPont, BAe and TESA. His experiments at Nijmegen on magnetic levitation attracted worldwide media attention and stimulated international research in this field. His earlier research on microscopic physics included studies of non-local and interaction phenomena, and of the quantum motion of electrons in periodic and random magnetic fields. He disseminates science to the public and schoolchildren through broadcasts and "roadshow" lectures. ”

He shared the 2008 Euro Physics Prize with Novoselov "for discovering and isolating a single free-standing atomic layer of carbon (graphene) and elucidating its remarkable electronic properties ".In 2009 he received the Körber European Science Award. The US National Academy of Sciences honored him with the 2010 John J. Carty Award for the Advancement of Science "for his experimental realization and investigation of graphene, the two-dimensional form of carbon". He was awarded one of six Royal Society 2010 Anniversary Research Professorships. The Royal Society added its 2010 Hughes Medal "for his revolutionary discovery of graphene and elucidation of its remarkable properties". He was awarded honorary doctorates from Delft University of Technology, ETH Zürich the University of Antwerp and the University of Manchester. In 2010, Geim was appointed as Knight Commander of the Order of the Netherlands Lion for his contribution to Dutch Science. He is Honorary Professor of Moscow Phys-Tech, Honorary Professor of the University of Nijmegen, Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Physics (HonFInstP), Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (HonFRSC), Honorary Fellow of Singapore Institute of Physics, Honorary Professor of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Geim was furthermore made a Knight Bachelor in the 2012 New Year Honours for services to science. He was elected a foreign associate of the US National Academy of Sciences in May 2012 and awarded the Copley Medal in 2013.

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