Agnès JULLIEN (Ifsttar)

PhD, Senior Researcher agnes.jullien@ifsttar.fr

Deputy head of European and International Affairs

GHG assessments and LCA approaches

CONTEXT, LCA PRACTICE, MITIGATION AT VARIOUS LEVELS and SCALES

1

Parallel session N°2230

Autoroute

LGV

ISSUES Models needed to assess : Project variants Various transport modes Whole life cycle

2

LCA 2014, Davis, California conference http://www.ucprc.ucdavis.edu/p-lca2014/, many discussions, remaining issues highlighted SUP&R ITN and LCE4ROADS/ FP7 projects started in 2013, for EU code of practice

Remaining questions : How do we take into account the use phase? Is EoL well implemented ? What is the importance of the data around the world? Which details should be considered for GHG and LCA?

3

STATE OF THE ART Benchmarking is in progress :

LCA Framework 2013

Various data bases and tools

http://ecorce2.ifsttar.fr (french version AND DATABASE,2013) http://ecorcem.ifsttar.fr (english version 2014), multibase

Tool ECORCE2 for construction and maintenance of roads (45 materials/processes LCIs)

Data base http://ofrir2.ifsttar.fr : OFRIR2 (2013) a on materials (new and recycled materials) and 20 documents written as state of the art LCIs for construction and maintenance of roads

France :

Since 2014 : Hypotheses of calculations, effects investigated - Construction +maintenance

- Recycling - Traffic and congestion assessment

- EOL

Energy

Water

ProcessRelease to water

Release to air

Product Mass

Rawmaterials

Release to soil

Waste

LCI Processes boundaries

Not considered in ECORCE

b

5

CRC 19 cm

CC 15 cm

30

8

19

0

30

15

12

8

0

19

25

CRC 19 cm

CC 15 cm

Milling

STAC 2.5 cm 100% of surface STAC 2.5 cm 100% of surface

STAC 2.5 cm 50% of surface

Milling

STAC 2.5 cm 50% of surface

Milling

STAC 2.5 cm 50% of surface

STAC 2.5 cm 100% of surface

CRC 20 cm

Milling

Time (years)

Continuously reinforced concrete pavement whith maintenance policy defined

by SETRA-LCPC (19988)

Continuously reinforced concrete pavement whith maintenance policy defined

by LAURENT (2004)

TLAC 6.5 cm 100% of surface

STAC 2.5 cm 100% of surface

STAC 2.5 cm 100% of surface

Case study 1,2 : MAINTENANCE , CONSTRUCTION POLICIES –French structures

Ref 1 [Jullien, Dauvergne, Cerezo, transport part D (may, 2014, vol29 , pp56-65)],

Ref 2 [Jullien, Dauvergne, Proust, IntJLCA, (http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-015-0858-y, 2015)]

Ref 1

6

7

FU: 1 KM of road, 30 years

(Maintenance at year 9, 17, 25)

[Ref 1 , catalogue vs operational strategy?]

[Ref 2, earthmoving , binders effects and equipment ? ]

Pavement only

All layers

1t Asphalt production? HMA and WMA/ with RAP or not

EE

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

GB 0/14 50% drum mix plant

Toulouse

BBSG 0/10 10% drum mix plant

Toulouse

BBSG 0/10 batch plant

Monthyon

(MJ

/t)

hothalf-warm

GWP

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

GB 0/14 50% drum mix

plant Toulouse

BBSG 0/10 10% drum mix

plant Toulouse

BBSG 0/10 batch plant

Monthyon

(kg

éq

. C

O2

/t)

hothallf-warm

AP

0,E+00

5,E-04

1,E-03

2,E-03

2,E-03

3,E-03

GB 0/14 50% drum mix plant

Toulouse

BBSG 0/10 10% drum mix

plant Toulouse

BBSG 0/10 batch plant

Monthyon

(kg

éq

. S

O2

/t)

hothalf-warm

EI

0,E+00

5,E-05

1,E-04

2,E-04

2,E-04

3,E-04

GB 0/14 50% drum mix

plant Toulouse

BBSG 0/10 10% drum

mix plant Toulouse

BBSG 0/10 batch plant

Monthyon

(kg

éq

.PO

4/t

)

hothalf-warm

Ref 3, [ Olard, Jullien, Baudru, Ventura, Tamagny, in proc Warm Mix Asphalt congress, St. Louis, October 11th-13th 2011]

Earthmoving

assessment

Road

interchange

5 & 8

Road

interchange

5 & 8Settling

tank 7

River course

modification

Settling

tank 5

River course

modification

F5C5F4C4PRD3F3C2F2C1dC1bC1aF1

UC1 UC5 UC8 UC3 UC4 UC6 UC7

SBL stock 1SBL stock 1SBL stock 2SBL stock 2SBL stock 3

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

E.E. G.W.P. A.P. E.I. P.O.C.P. T.P.

Indicators

Co

ntr

ibu

tio

ns (

%)

Vegetalisable soils

Unusable cuts

Treated sub-base layer

Treated fills

Ref 4, [ Capony, Muresan, Dauvergne, Auriol, Ferber, Jullien, RCR, 2013]

9

Item 1 +

Item 2 …

X m² pav. 1 +

Y m² pav. 2 …

+

L1 V 1 +

L2 V2 …

+

V1 B. 1 +

V2 B. 2 …

L3 T. 1 +

L4 T. 2 …

+ +

Earthworks tool

Pavements tool

Viaducts tool

Bridges tool

Tunnels tool

Efu results Efu results Efu results Efu results Efu results

TOOLS AND DATA for both roads and railways LCA in progress

Project variants assessment

A French High speed line TGV Energy (50 years)-full life cycle

• Montpellier-Perpignan/ Corbières

• Passengers Line (NPL 23 km) Mix line (NML 25 km)

11 Ref 5, [Bosquet, Jullien, Vandanjon , Dauvergne ,Sanchez, transport part D- 2014]

Construction/

Maintenance:

16% (NML)

20% (NPL)

+30

%

North Itinerary

South Itinerary

0

0,5

1

1,5

21

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

1,41

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

CONCLUSION – 2015 trends

New tools at the project level Multicriteria results

12

UF1j UF2j UFnj

UFI1

UFI2

UfIn

1 itinerary

Several itineraries

Traffic=

Traffic 1+

Traffic 2+

Traffic m

I1

I2

Ij

Ij

I1

UFIj

In

Terrirtory units -Surface -Underground

I DD=

p.Km

t.Km

Itineraries combination and multimodal assessment (Functional Units)

13