Animal Cell Organization

Learning the Parts of a Cell

Cell Basics• All living things are made of cells• There are trillions of cells in your body• New cells are constantly replacing old cells• Cells contain parts called organelles• Plant and animal cells are different but we

are going to focus on the animal cell

The Building Blocks of LifeCells are small units that hold all of the biological equipment

needed to keep an organism alive

• Organization• Carry Out Different Functions• Hold Hereditary Information

The Different Parts• Cell Membrane• Nucleus• DNA/Chromosomes• Proteins• Ribosomes• Vesicles• Mitochondria• Endoplasmic Reticulum• Golgi Complex• Vacuoles• Lysosomes

There are so many parts, how can we learn them all?

Compare the parts of a cell to something easier to understand

and more memorable!!

How about a Cookie Factory?

The Different Parts• Factory Building Walls and Doors• Main Office• Cookies• Baking Ingredients• Cookie Recipe• Packages for Finished Cookies• Machinery and Ovens• Generator for Energy• Conveyor Belts• Machinery to Modify and Package• Jars to store ingredients• Trash system for waste

Cell MembraneFactory Walls

• Surrounding border• Separates the inside

from the outside• Is semi-permeable and

has gates to move things in and out

• Made up of a phospholipid bilayer

• Surrounding border• Separates the inside

from the outside• Has doors and windows

to move things in and out

• Made of strong building materials phospholipid bilayer

Cookie Factory Equivalent?

phospholipid bilayer

• Made of proteins and lipids• The phospholipids make the

formation• The proteins are found around

the holes

phospholipid

The heads like water

(hydrophilic)

The tails do not like water

(hydrophobic)

These two layers are what form the bilayer

NucleusMain Office

• The brain of the cell• Houses the hereditary

material - DNA• Controls eating,

movement and reproduction of the cell

• Issues commands to the cell

• The brain of the factory• Houses the top secret

recipe• Controls the entire

cookie making process of the factory

• Issues commands to the factory

Cookie Factory Equivalent?

ProteinsCookies

• Major compound of the cell

• Essential for continuance of cell

• Made from a list of amino acids

• Major compound of the factory

• Essential for continuance of factory

• Made from a list of ingredients

Cookie Factory Equivalent?

Amino AcidsIngredients

• Building blocks of proteins

• Different combinations make different proteins

• Building blocks of cookies

• Different combinations make different cookies

Cookie Factory Equivalent?

VacuolesJars

• Storage bubbles of the cell

• Store food and nutrients

• Storage containers of the factory

• Store ingredients and supplies

Cookie Factory Equivalent?

REVIEW What have we looked

at so far??

Match the following:

Cell Membrane

Main Office Cookies

Proteins

Ingredients

Amino Acids

Jars

Vacuoles

RibosomesBaking Machinery

• Protein builders• Build chains of amino

acids• Located in many places

throughout the cell• Can be on the

Endoplasmic Reticulum or free floating

• Cookie makers• Put ingredients together• Located in many places

throughout the factory• Can be part of machinery

that mobilizes the product with conveyor belts or separate

Cookie Factory Equivalent?

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Conveyor Belts

• Packaging system that transports proteins

• Smooth ER – storage organelle

• Rough ER – synthesis and packaging of proteins

• Transports the product

• Can send the cookies to a storage room

• Can send the cookies to a packing room

Cookie Factory Equivalent?

Golgi ComplexPackaging Machinery

• Gathers simple molecules and combines them to form larger, complex molecules

• Stores the large molecules in vesicles for later use or to send them out

• Package several bags of cookies into large boxes for shipment

• Sends the boxes to storage or out for shipment to stores

Cookie Factory Equivalent?

VesiclesBoxes

• Pinched off of the Golgi membrane

• Sent out for transportation of materials

• Taken off of the machinery• Sent out for transportation

of the product

Cookie Factory Equivalent?

LysosomesWaste Breakdown and Recycle

• Gets rid of cell waste through digestion

• Recycles nutrients and proteins

• Cleans up the cell

• Gets rid of waste• Recycles reusable goods• Cleans the factory

Cookie Factory Equivalent?

MitochondriaEnergy Generator

• System the creates energy for the cell

• Number of mitochondria in a cell depends on how much energy is needed

• “Powerhouse” that runs the cell

• System that creates energy for the factory

• Number of generators in a factory depends on how much energy is needed

• “Powerhouse” that runs the factory

Cookie Factory Equivalent?

REVIEW II More cell parts to

remember!

Replace the function with the name:

Controls the cell

Responsible for cell energy

Transports materials

Combines small molecules toform larger moleculesProtects cell from

the outside

Protein builders

RibosomesNucleus

Endoplasmic ReticulumCell Membrane

MitochondriaGolgi Complex

Mighty Mitochondria

• Multiple mitochondria in each cell

• Takes nutrients and breaks them down into energy

• Can grow, move and combine with other mitochondria

• Responsible for 90% of energy needed by the body

Without Mitochondria• Cells would not have the energy to survive• Without cells, tissues die• Dead tissues result in organ failure• Without organs, our bodies would fail

Cardiac muscle tissue

Cardiac muscle cell

Mitochondria

Heart

Mitochondrial DiseasesResult from failures of the mitochondria

causing less energy to be generated in the cell.

Symptoms

Mitochondria are very important organelles!!

Mitochondria Quiz

The Parts Make the Whole

• All parts of the cell are important• Cell could not survive without the system• Just like the Cookie Factory