OPERATIONAL PLAN

THE OPERATIONAL PLAN

MUHAMMED NOWFAL SS4 MBA

Agenda

understand the concept of operations function in business

understand the topics that are included in an operations plan

10-06-2015 2MUHAMMED NOWFAL MSN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT

Operations

One of an important function in a business organization

Managing operations is crucial

Operations management can be defined as the process of marshalling business input to transform them into output in

the form of product or services


Components in an operations system

• The components of an operations system that is involved in the transformation of business input into output comprises of the following:

Business Input Transformation Process Output Feedback External Environment

10-06-2015 MUHAMMED NOWFAL MSN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT

4

OPERATION SYSTEM


5

INPUT

FEEDBACK

OUTPUTPROCESS

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

Operations plan

One of the section that is included in the business plan

Covers the operational aspect of the business

The operations plan will ensure the business is able to produce the product or to provide the services that the

business had planned in the marketing plan


The operations plan comprises

Process Planning Operations Layout Production Planning Material Planning Machine and Equipment Planning Manpower Planning Overheads Requirement Location Plan Business and Operations Hours Operations Budget Implementation Schedule


Process planning

Process planning involve the identification of the step-by-step processes from beginning to end in making the product or in providing the services

For manufacturing business, the processes involved will be explained clearly such as the activity involved, its duration and the equipment used

For service business, the process planning will explain all the steps that should be taken from start to finish to provide the service to the customer


Operations Layout

Illustrate the layout of the operations Layout refers to the arrangement of machine, equipment,

workers and other facilities used in the operations The layout must be design in such a way that the production

of goods and services can be done smoothly and efficiently There are three types of layout:

o Layout based on processo Layout based on producto Layout based on marketing


Layout based on product

This type of layout is suitable for a business that has product focus or continuous flow production

The design of this layout is made according to the sequence of activities to product the product

Example of a business that have this kind of layout is a food processing factory


10


11

Layout based on process

This layout is suitable for a business that produce several products using similar processes

This type of layout is design based on the similarity of processes where by machine and equipment that perform similar function will be grouped together

Example of business with this type of layout is a steel workshop and a tailor store


12


13

Layout based on marketing

This layout is designed with an intention to maximized the area available to display goods

Examples of layout based on marketing can be observed in the retail business such as book store or departmental store


14


15

Production Planning

It is important to make sure that the business is able to produce output or to provide services that is enough to fulfill the expected market demand or sales

This can be achieved by having a good production planning

In production planning, the business will determine how much output to produce for a certain period of time such as in a day, a week or a month

The business may need the information from the marketing plan, e.g. average sales forecast


• Average sales forecast per month = RM 25,200.00• Price per unit = RM 15.00• Number of output per month = RM 25,200.00

RM 15.00

= 1,680 units• If the number of working days per month is 24 days• The amount of output to be produced per day is:

= 1,680 units

24 days

= 70 units per day


Material Planning

Material planning is done to determine the type and amount of raw materials need for the production

Material planning involved four steps:

o Identify and list down the raw materials requiredo Prepare the Bills of Materialso Calculate the quantity of raw material requiredo Identify the suppliers of raw materials


Bills of Materials

• The bills of materials will contains a complete list of materials, parts or components and the amount needed to produce a unit of product


19

Machine & Equipment Planning

Steps to determine machine and equipment requirement:

1. List out all machine and equipment required base on the process flow chart or process plan

2. Determine the amount of machine and equipment required based on the venture capacity requirement

3. Identify the suppliers that are reliable in term of price and after sale services


Machine & Equipment Requisition Planning Schedule


21

Steps to determine quantity for machine & equipment

1. Determine the planned rate of production per day

2. Determine the standard production time per unit for the planned machine

3. Determine the machine productive time:

• Operation hours – (Setting up time + Down Time)

• 4. Calculate the amount of machine required using the formula given in the next slide


22

FORMULA


23

Manpower planning

Steps to determine the amount of direct labor required by the venture:

1. Determine the planned rate of production per day for the particular section of job

2. Determine the standard time for a worker to produce one unit of product or to complete a particular job

3. Determine workers productive hours:

Working hours per day – rest time or workers idling time

4. Calculate the amount of direct labor required


FORMULA


25

Direct Labour Planning Schedule


26

Location plan

The entrepreneur has to make decision which premise is the best for the business to operate

Choice of location is important because it will affect:• Sales revenue

• Business operation cost• Long term investment


Factors to be considered for Choice of Location

• Distance from raw material / suppliers

• Labor supply• Transportation• Price of Land or rentals• Infrastructure• Climate

• Local Government Policy

• Security

• Facility for expansion and business development


Business and Operation hours

Business hours refer to the time the business is open to the customers

Operation hours refer to the hours the workers have to work.

For manufacturing, usually the business will operate on 8-hours per shift. Thus the entrepreneur will only decide

whether the business will runs for one shift or more. This will depends upon the planning for production


Overhead Requirement

Determine the overheads that are required in the operations

Overheads refers to requirements other than direct raw materials and direct labour

Examples of overheads are indirect labour costs, indirect material, insurance, maintenance and utilities


Operations Budget

The business need to estimate the budget for the operations activities

The operations budget can be categorized into:• Fixed asset expenditure• Monthly expenses• Other expenses

This operation budget is important because it will be one of the input to prepare the financial plan


•Fixed Asset ExpenditureoRefers to the investment on long term assets used in the

operations to produce the product or services•Monthly Expenses

oRefers to the payment made every month in the operations department

•Other ExpensesoThese are expenses that are made and could not be

categorized as fixed asset expenditure or monthly expenses


32

Example of Operations Budget


33

Implementation schedule

Implementation scheduling involves sequencing and allotting time to all project activities

To prepare implementation schedule, entrepreneurs has to decide how long each activity and compute the requirement on people and other resources

Scheduling normally use Gantt Chart which is a planning chart used to schedule resources and allocate time


Model of Schedule


Q & A


36

References

• Nawami H J (2008), “Fundamentals of entrepreneurship”

• Study.com

• Inc.com


37

Thanks for your cooperation

GROUP NO 1

S4 MBA


38

Small Business & Entrepreneurship

OPERATIONAL PLAN