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NOBILITYNOBILITY
-55 noble families-55 noble families-duke, baron or earl-duke, baron or earl-noble either by birth or -noble either by birth or
by grant from the by grant from the Queen or KingQueen or King
-huge -amounts of land
GENTRY AND RICH GENTRY AND RICH MERCHANTSMERCHANTS
- the most important the most important social class in Tudor social class in Tudor timestimes
- large amounts of land- education- never did any manual
work. - famous exoponents: famous exoponents:
Francis Drake, Francis Francis Drake, Francis BaconBacon
YEOMEN AND CRAFTSMENYEOMEN AND CRAFTSMEN
- characteristic for English characteristic for English societysociety
- owned their own land. - They could be as wealthy
as gentlemen but they worked alongside their men.
- often able to read and write
THE TENANT FARMERS THE TENANT FARMERS – – THE POORTHE POOR
- unable to work and unable to work and labourerslabourers
- submitted to their rich submitted to their rich lordslords
- who leased their land from the rich
- were also wage laborers
- were often illiterate and very poor.
Rich vs. Poor :Rich vs. Poor : Houses Houses
RichRich- huge, half-timbered mansions huge, half-timbered mansions
with chimneys and glass with chimneys and glass windows; profound furniturewindows; profound furniture
PoorPoor- simple huts, floors made of
clay, very basic furniture
clothes, foodclothes, food- elaborate clothes, elaborate clothes,
embroidered with silk, embroidered with silk, gold or silver threadgold or silver thread
- fat meals, with little fat meals, with little vegetables, vegetables, fish instead of meat
- milk
- hardwearing, practical clothes made of coarse wool
- mainly ate bread, cheese and onion,s trips of meat
- beer
Pastimes and workPastimes and work
RICHRICH- sspenpentt most of time on most of time on
pastimespastimes- ffalconry, hunting, billards, alconry, hunting, billards,
bowls, attending bowls, attending perfomances in theatre, perfomances in theatre, reading booksreading books
POORPOOR- sspenpentt most of time most of time
working ( 6 working days)working ( 6 working days)- ggambling, playing ambling, playing
draughtsdraughts- wwatching public atching public
executionsexecutions
Education and languageEducation and language
RICHRICH wide access to the education wide access to the education
( grammar schools, ( grammar schools, universities)universities)
"correct“ London pronunciation"correct“ London pronunciation read and write
As for girls, taught them at home
POORPOOR learning a trade, or expected learning a trade, or expected
to workto work Continuation of using the local Continuation of using the local
dialectdialect girls: girls: their mother might teach
them
In the beginning of the Tudor period
English was spoken in a number of ways
asremiders of Saxon,
Angle, Jute and Viking invasion
After Chaucer London English becomes ‘correct’ English
TownTown
7, 000 thieves hanged by Henry 7, 000 thieves hanged by Henry VIIIVIII
Only a small part of the population At night the streets were dark and
dangerous. Henry VIII dissolved the
monasteries The River Thames was a major
transport route
12
d) Enclosures, Poor Law, Laws against Povertyd) Enclosures, Poor Law, Laws against Poverty
- Enclosures- Enclosures – resulting in – resulting in massive unemploymentmassive unemployment and poverty and poverty among labourersamong labourers
- Dissolution of the Monasteries – the church institutions lose Dissolution of the Monasteries – the church institutions lose their significancetheir significance
- „„Pilgrimage of Grace“ ( 1536 ) as a protest against Pilgrimage of Grace“ ( 1536 ) as a protest against dissolution of the monasteriesdissolution of the monasteries
- Poor Law ( 1601) – introduced by Queen Elisabeth I to cope Poor Law ( 1601) – introduced by Queen Elisabeth I to cope with the poverty and unemployment. First government-with the poverty and unemployment. First government-sponsored welfare program. Three goals of Poor Law:sponsored welfare program. Three goals of Poor Law:
a)a) tto put those unable to care for themselves in hospitals and o put those unable to care for themselves in hospitals and orphanagesorphanages
b)b) tto find the work for able-bodied in the workhouses o find the work for able-bodied in the workhouses established in the townsestablished in the towns
c)c) tto punish permanently unemployed in order to discourage o punish permanently unemployed in order to discourage them from commiting the crimesthem from commiting the crimes
PUNISHMENTS physical punishment. Minor crimes = the pillory or
the stocks. More serious crimes = by
death. Rich = Beheading Ordinary = hanged.
Transport, theatrer and Transport, theatrer and medicinemedicine
People traveled by horse some rich people rode in carriages
comedies and tragedies. many people died in epidemics of
sweating sickness Tudor doctors were very expensive wise woman if they were ill.
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
- during Tudor times England became richer place to live- during Tudor times England became richer place to live - increase of the prices of goods, fall of wages by half- increase of the prices of goods, fall of wages by half - increasing population- increasing population ( from 2,2 to 4 million) ( from 2,2 to 4 million) - England as the most comfortable place to live in Europe - England as the most comfortable place to live in Europe
in 16th centuryin 16th century - England became a more comercial country- England became a more comercial country