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Ancient Egyptian Art
Middle Kingdom Art
Middle Kingdom 2050-1750 BCE
• End of civil wars, farming and trade return• move capital south to Upper Egypt (Thebes)• public improvements
– drain swamps, canal to Red Sea• belief in afterlife expands to include common
people• tombs instead of pyramids
– better protection for mummies.
Middle Kingdom 2050-1750 BCE
THE MIDDLE KINGDOM
• THE MIDDLE KINGDOM
The Middle Kingdom emerged in 2040 BCE, following a century of unrest after the collapse of the power of the Old Kingdom pharaohs around 2150 BCE.
Sculpture
A brooding Pharoah:
One of Mentuhotep II's successors was Senusret III. While his preserved statues have idealized bodies, the sculptures brought stunning and unprecedented realism to the rendition of Senusret III's features.
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Rock-cut tombs
Beni Hasan, Egypt
ca. 1,950-1,900 B.C.E.
Rock cut Tombs BH 3-5
Beni Hasan, Egypt, Dynasty XII
ca. 1950-1900 B.C.E.
Image gallery Interior hall of the rock-cut tombs of AmenemhetBeni Hasan, Egypt, Dynasty XII, ca 1950-1900 bc
About 2150 B.C., the Egyptians challenged the pharaoh’s power, and for more than a century the land was in a state of civil unrest and near anarchy.
In 2040 B. C. the pharaoh of Upper Egypt, Mentuhotep I, managed to unite Egypt again under the rule of a single king and established the so-called Middle Kingdom (Dynasties XI - XIV)
Rock-cut tombs of the Middle Kingdom largely replaced the Old Kingdom mastabas and pyramids.
The columns in this tomb serve no supportive function.
Notice the fluting on the columns. It is clear that the columns are not supporting the ceiling of the tomb, as many of the columns were broken, yet still attached to the ceiling in some cases.
ANCIENT EGYPT
Tomb of Meketre, Thebes, Egypt
ca. 1,985 B.C.E.
Tomb of Meketre, Thebes, Egypt
ca. 1,985 B.C.E.
Sculpture
• Sculpture
A brooding Pharoah:
One of Mentuhotep II's successors was Senusret III. While his preserved statues have idealized bodies, the sculptures brought stunning and unprecedented realism to the rendition of Senusret III's features.
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Riverboat
from tomb of Meketre, Thebes, Egypt
ca. 1,985 B.C.E.gessoed and painted wood50 3/8 in. long
Granary
from tomb of Meketre, Thebes, Egypt
ca. 1,985 B.C.E.gessoed and painted wood29 1/8 in. long
Statuette of an offering bearer
from tomb of Meketre, Thebes, Egypt
ca. 1,985 B.C.E.gessoed and painted wood44 1/8 in. high
Hippopotamus
from Thebes, Egypt
1991-1783 B.C.E.faience and ceramic7 7/8 in. long
3-18: Fragmentary head of Senusret III, Dynasty XII, ca. 1860 BCE. Red quartzite, approx. 6 1/2 high. Metropolitan Museum of
Art, New York.
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Architecture
• Architecture
Mountain Tombs:
Senusret III's tomb, at Dashur is a mud-brick pyramid, but the most characteristic burials of the Middle Kingdom are rock-cut tombs.
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3-19: Rock-cut tombs BH 3-5, Beni Hasan, Egypt, Dynasty XII, ca. 1950-1900 BCE.
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3-20: Interior hall of the rock-cut tomb of Amenemhet (BH 2), Beni Hasan, Egypt, Dynasty XII, ca. 1950-1900 BCE.
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