BIOLOGY AS THE STUDY OF LIFE AND LIVING OF ORGANISMS

Risda Muli, S.Pd

ObjectivesAfter learning this chapter, you will be able to :Explain the differences between organisms and non-living thingsExplain the characteristics of organismsExplain branches of biology and the role of biology in life

What is Biology ?

Biology comes from Yunani language that is Bios means life, and Logos means knowledge.

Biology means a branches of science which study of organisms and various life process.

Differences Between Organisms and Non-Living

Things• We can diffentiate organisms from non-living things by

notice and observe its characteristics.• The characteristics of organisms are as follows :1. Respiration2. Irritability3. Move4. Need food (nutrition)5. Grow and develop6. Excretion7. Reproduction

Branches of BiologyNo. Branches Field of study

1. Acarology Mites and ticks.

2. Anatomy Inner structure of organisms.

3. Bacteriology Bacteria.

4. Biotechnology Combination of biology and technology, that is the use biological processes to suply human need for goods and services.

5. Botany Plants and all their uniqueness.

6. Ecology Interrelation between organisms and their environment.

7. Embryology Growth of organisms (embryo), from zygoteto grown up.

8. Endocrinology System of bodily hormones.

9. Entomology All aspects of insects’ life.

10. Evolution The change of organisms happening slowly and in a long time until a new species is formed.

11. Physiology Internal workings of organisms.

12. Genetics Process of inheriting qualities in organisms (heredity).

13. Histology Structure of tissues of organisms.

Branches of BiologyNo. Branches Field of study

14. Helminthology Parasitic worms.

15. Herpetology Amphibians and reptiles.

16. Ichthyology Fish.

17. Mycology Fungi.

18. Microbiology Microscopic (very small) organisms.

19. Morphology Shape and external structure of organisms.

20. Malacology Mollusks.

21. Ornithology Birds.

22. Parasitology Parasites.

23. Paleontology Fossiles or ancient life of animals and plants.

24. Cytology Cell structure and functions.

25. Taxonomy Naming, description and grouping of organisms based on similarities and differences.

26. Teratology Possible physical handicap of fetuses.

27. Virology Viruses.

28. Zoology Animals.

The Role of Biology in LifeBenefits of Biologya. Agriculture : Implementing knowledge of botany, physiology

anatomy, and genetics. (exp. Rice which is immune to ‘wereng’)

b. Animal Husbandry: implementing knowledge of zoology, physiology anatomy, embryology, taxonomy, and genetics. (exp. insemination and crossbreeding)

c. Medicine: Implementing anatomy, physiology, microbiology, and pathology. (exp. To perform various operations, repair or replace broken organs, etc)

d. Industry: Implementing of botany, taxonomy, zoology, and microbiology. (production of alcohol, soybean sauce, tape, and tahu).

The Role of Biology in LifeDanger of Biologya. Biologican Weapons: are deadly microorganisms which are multiplied

on purpose in a laboratory for specific pupose. (viruses, bacteria and fungi)

b. Cloning: to obtain prime plants or animals.

c. Transgenic: consuming transgenic food may increase the risk of intoxication, cancer, and allergy to certain food.

d. Human Genom Project: Will change molecular biology and medicine.

e. Genetic Pollution: is the release of an organisms that has mutated (mutant) into the environment.

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