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My slides as a guest lecturer in University Indraprasta PGRI Indonesia December 15, 2011.
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Android ArchitectureRhama Arya W.
@arya199
www.mreunion-labs.net
Thursday, December 15, 11
Mreunion Labs
March 2010
Bootstrapped startup
Android first
Thursday, December 15, 11
Agenda
• Introduction to Android
• Android Architecture
• Fundamental building blocks
• Ideas, execution, feedback, repeat
• Best practices
Thursday, December 15, 11
Trends
• Mobile 2.0
• Android, iOS, WP7
• BlackBerry? Symbian?
• One year exp, published a real working Android app on the market, confident interview
Thursday, December 15, 11
What is Android?
• Not really a Linux
• Based on a linux kernel but it’s not GNU
• No native windowing system
• No (limited?) glibc support
• No GNU/Linux utilities
Thursday, December 15, 11
What is Android?
• Not just ‘Java on Linux.’
• Not part of the JCP
• Developers write primarily in a customized version of Java
• Similar to Java SE, but not equal
• No AWT, no Swing, no RMI
Thursday, December 15, 11
What is Android?
• software stack that includes:
• operating system
• middleware
• key applications
• rich set of APIs
Thursday, December 15, 11
Android Architecture
Thursday, December 15, 11
Android Architecture• Linux kernel 2.6, providing
• Security
• Memory Management
• Process Management
• Network Stack
• Driver Model
• Abstraction Layer
Thursday, December 15, 11
Android Architecture
• Dalvik Virtual Machine
• Runs optimized file format (.dex)
• Java .class/.jar files converted into .dex at build time
• Supports multiple virtual machine processes per VM
Thursday, December 15, 11
Android Architecture
• Dalvik Virtual Machine
• 16bit, register based
• JIT from “Froyo”
• Concurrent GC from “Gingerbeard”
Thursday, December 15, 11
Android Architecture
• C/C++ Libraries used by various components of the Android system
• Exposed to developers through the Android Application Framework
• SQLite, WebKit, Open GL, libc
Thursday, December 15, 11
Android Architecture
• Android Application Framework exposing developers to Android’s inner capabilities
• View System, Content Providers, Telephony Manager, Location Manager, Notification Manager, Activity Manager, etc
• Javadoc styled API
• developer.android.com
Thursday, December 15, 11
Assets
Application Fundamentals
You
XML .apk
Android Manifest
Java classes
multi-user Linux-like systemeach application is a different user
each application has its own processeach process has its own VM runs in
isolation from other applications
possible to have two applications to share the same Linux user ID
request permission to access device dataContentProviders
Thursday, December 15, 11
Building Blocks
AndroidManifest.xml
Act
iviti
es
Vie
ws
Inte
nts
Serv
ices
Not
ifica
tions
Con
tent
Prov
ider
s
Thursday, December 15, 11
Building Blocks
Thursday, December 15, 11
Building Blocks
Activity A
Activity B
• stacked
• only one is visible
• only one is active
• new activities are placed on top
Thursday, December 15, 11
Building Blocks
ViewGroup
ViewGroup View View
View View View
• Android’s UI
• know how to draw themselves
• respond to events
• described in XML
Thursday, December 15, 11
Building Blocks
private View view;
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {...setContentView(R.layout.filename);...name = (View) findViewById(R.id.name);...
}
Thursday, December 15, 11
Building Blocks
Activity A Activity BIntent
SQLite Database
Intents are used to move from Activity to Activity
Describes what the Application wants
Provide late runtime bindings
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Building Blocks
• Services
• Notifications
• ContentProviders
• SQLite Database
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“Idea is worthless. Execution is what matters.”
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Ideas
• Steal, simplify, beautify, improve
• Solve a real problem
• Exercise
• You don’t have to be the first. But be the best
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Execution
Start coding
Use it
Get feedback
One download = one customer = one problem.Prioritize
Learn to say “No”
Thursday, December 15, 11
Best Practice
• Mobile users are impatient
• Fast, beautiful, intuitive apps
• Minimize actions required per function
• Competitions are fierce
• It’s not easy
Thursday, December 15, 11
Resources
• http://developer.android.com
• http://stackoverflow.com
• http://android-developers.blogspot.com
• http://helloandroid.com
• http://mreunion.wordpress.com
Thursday, December 15, 11
